Amabhizinisi abamba ukushisa ayizimboni eziqinisekisa ukuvikeleka kokudla kwezwe. Bona, njengezinye izinkampani eziningi zezolimo, baye bathinteka ngendlela ethile ngezenzakalo ezenzeka emnothweni waseRussia.
Imboni ye-greenhouse ibilokhu izuza ulwazi oluyimpumelelo ekuthuthukisweni ngaphansi kwezinswinyo kusukela ngo-2014. Ngalesi sikhathi, ngenxa yezinhlelo zokwesekwa kombuso, kube khona igxathu elikhulu kakhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwendawo evikelekile ezweni lethu. Mayelana nalokhu, kubalulekile ukucabangela ukuthi yiziphi izitayela ezikhona esigabeni manje nokuthi zithuthuka kanjani esikhathini samanje.
BHEDELA NGEMIZWA
Ngokusho kwe-Greenhouses of Russia Association, le ngxenye ye-agro-industrial complex ilwela ngenkuthalo ukushintshwa okugcwele kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwemiphumela ka-2021, izinga lokuzanelisa ngemifino evikelwe emhlabathini lifinyelele ku-71.7%, futhi lesi sibalo sikhula minyaka yonke. Eminyakeni emihlanu nje edlule, izinombolo zaziphansi kakhulu, ngokulandelana kwe-40-50%. Ngo-2023, inani kufanele lifinyelele ku-81%. Ngonyaka odlule, kwakungenzeka ukuvuna amathani emifino angaba yizigidi ezingu-1.4 ngesidingo sangaphakathi samathani ayizigidi ezingu-2. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, abathengi bahlinzekwa cishe ngokuphelele ngamakhukhamba asekhaya. Utamatisi nawo usondela kule nkomba: manje imboni ihlanganisa isidingo ngo-60-70%.
Yiqiniso, akukhona nje mayelana nentuthuko ebanzi. Ingxenye ye-greenhouse ikhule kakhulu kokubili ngokwekhwalithi yomkhiqizo kanye nezinga lobuchwepheshe, kanye nokusebenza namakhasimende. Ekuqaleni, ukuthengiswa kwakudlangile, khona-ke umsebenzi wawuwukubeka izimpahla emashalofini, bese uthuthukisa amabhrendi ukudala ukuxhumana phakathi komthengi nomkhiqizi. Manje indawo evikelekile idlula esigabeni sokwenza nokuhlanganisa ubudlelwano bemizwa phakathi komthengi nomkhiqizo, futhi kunamabhizinisi amaningi athuthukayo kulolu daba emakethe. Isici sokugqugquzela ngokomzwelo sikuvumela ukuthi uthinte isidingo sabathengi. Isibonelo, ezinkampanini ze-Agroinvest ne-Agrogrib, i-assortment ibuyekezwa njalo ezinyangeni eziyisishiyagalolunye, ngenxa yokuthi imizwa entsha yakheka futhi kuzalwa indaba ehlukile. Ochwepheshe bezakhiwo basondela ngokucophelela ekuthuthukisweni komkhiqizo ngamunye ezindaweni zekhwalithi nokubeka uphawu. Zonke izinhlobo zinamagama athile adala izinhlangano ezidingekayo phakathi kwabathengi. Isibonelo, utamatisi we-cherry we-San Remo uqanjwe kanjalo ngoba uhlukaniswa ngesikhumba esiwugqinsi kanye nokunambitheka okunamanzi, agcwalisa ngokuphelele izitsha zase-Italy futhi anikeze amakhasimende umuzwa wehlobo nokufudumala.
AMAthrendi OMKHULU
Phakathi kwamathrendi anquma ukuthuthuka komkhakha, ezinhlanu eziyinhloko zingahlukaniswa. Eyokuqala yazo ukunwetshwa kwephothifoliyo ye-assortment yama-hybrids angabonakala emashalofini esitolo, okwesibili ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza kanye nokwethulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha. Ngakho-ke, kwezinye izindawo zokugcina izithombo kusetshenziswa izindlela zedijithali kanye nohlelo lokuphatha abasebenzi beselula. Ingqikithi yalokhu kuthuthukiswa ukuthi abalimi bemifino bathola imisebenzi yamagajethi ngamanye. Ama-oda akhiwa kucatshangelwa ulwazi nekhono labasebenzi, futhi kwakhiwa umsebenzi okufanele wenziwe. Bathumela idatha yayo yonke imisebenzi eqediwe kusilawuli esimaphakathi ngekhodi ye-QR etholakala kusinqamuleli. Ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lukuvumela ukuthi ulawule umsebenzi wesisebenzi ngasinye ezingeni elizenzakalelayo kakhulu futhi ulinganise lokho akwenzile, kuze kufike esitshalweni esisodwa.
Umkhuba wesithathu ukwanda kwesidingo semikhiqizo yasekhaya, njengabathengi, ilebula ethi "Made in Russia" isibe isiqinisekiso sekhwalithi. Lokhu kuzuzwe ngenxa yokwesekwa kwemboni nguHulumeni waseRussian Federation. Abahlanganyeli bemakethe basebenzise ngobuhlakani uxhaso uhulumeni obanikeze lona, futhi bakwazi ukwakha isimo sengqondo sokwethemba umthengi emkhiqizweni wasekhaya. Umkhuba wesine ukuthi izidingo zokupakisha ziyashintsha. Imboni iyagudluka isuka ebhodini elivamile elinokhohlo encane iye kwi-pulpboard, into ebolayo. Izinguquko eziphawulekayo ziphinde zathinta amalebula, angumphumela womsebenzi wamazwe amathathu akhiqiza upende, iglue nephepha. E-Russia, lezi zimpahla azitholakali ngokugcwele, futhi amasheya okupenda ayaphela, futhi ukulethwa akukakasungulwa. Ngalesi sizathu, imboni ibheke ekunyatheliseni ifilimu - ulwazi lobuchwepheshe lungakhonjiswa ngokushesha kuyo. Kungase kubonakale sengathi isisombululo singaphezulu, kodwa ngaphambili ukuqaliswa kwaso bekubiza kakhulu kunelebula lobuchwepheshe elivamile. Lolu khetho lunezinzuzo ezithile: umkhiqizo uzobukeka ucocekile, futhi ukupakishwa akuyingozi kangako emvelweni.
Umkhuba wesihlanu ukwakhiwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokusebenzisa. Isibonelo, inkampani ye-Agroinvest yaqala ukuhlinzeka ngemikhiqizo ngamaphakheji e-doy-pack, ngenxa yokuthi umthengi angathenga ukudla okulula okunempilo okusha. Lesi akusona nje isixazululo esihle sezentengiselwano, kodwa futhi kulandela umkhuba: manje sekugxilwe esikweni lempilo enempilo kanye nokudla okulula okunempilo ekuhambeni. Ukwandiswa kwendawo yokuthengisa utamatisi, manje eyethulwa hhayi kuphela emnyangweni wemifino, kodwa futhi kumashizi, ama-dessert kanye nendawo yokukhokha, okuvumela ukuheha abathengi abaningi ukuba badle.
Izitayela zokuthuthukiswa kwemboni ye-greenhouse e-Russia.png
UBUNZIMA OKOKUNQOBA
Kwezinye izindawo, imboni isaxhumene kakhulu nabalingani bakwamanye amazwe, ukuqhubeka komsebenzi osekungabazekayo ngenxa yenswinyo. Nokho, singasho ukuthi lobu bunzima buxazululeka ngokuphelele. Manje abahlanganyeli bemakethe bayenqaba ukuhlinzeka ngemishini yesiDashi, iSpanishi nesiNtaliyane futhi banake i-Asia. E-Russia, kukhona abasabalalisi abaningana bemishini eqinisekisa ukusebenza kwama-greenhouses. Okwamanje awukho umqhudelwano phakathi kwabo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bayasizana ngenkuthalo, bathenge ngokuhlanganyela okudingekayo. Izinkampani ezinjalo ziphinde zaziqondisa ngokuphelele kumishini yaseRussia neyaseShayina, okungenye yemikhiqizo yaseYurophu.
Ngokuyisisekelo, amabhizinisi abamba ukushisa asebenzisa imbewu yokukhetha amaDashi, futhi kuze kube muva nje, indawo evulekile yahlala iyindawo eyinhloko yabafuyi basekhaya. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukwakhiwa kwezikhungo zethu zokuzalanisa kuwumsebenzi omude futhi odinga ukutshalwa kwezimali, isimo siyashintsha kancane kancane. Isibonelo, inkampani ye-Gavrish isebenza ngempumelelo emakethe ye-greenhouse, idale isikhungo esikhulu sokuzalanisa e-Krasnodar Territory, futhi iyaqhubeka nokuthuthukisa ngokumelene nesimo sangemuva samanje. Indlu yokuhweba "i-Moe Leto" iphinde ibambe iqhaza ekukhethweni kwasekhaya futhi isebenza ngenkuthalo nama-hybrids. Manje inkampani inomugqa wamakhukhamba anezithelo eziphakathi nendawo, utamatisi we-cocktail notamatisi we-cherry, ezibonisa ngempumelelo ekukhiqizeni.
Imboni ye-greenhouse ingenye yeziqine kakhulu ezweni lethu futhi edingekayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukutholakala kokudla. Ngenxa yalesi sizathu, abanikazi bamabhizinisi kuphela, kodwa futhi umbuso unesithakazelo ekuxazululeni izinkinga zawo. Kungenzeka ukufeza izinhloso zokushintshaniswa kwempahla kanye nokuncintisana ngempumelelo nabakhiqizi bangaphandle ngokwakha umkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu. Namuhla, umsebenzi obaluleke kakhulu wemboni ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo omuhle, omusha useshalofini futhi wanelisa zonke izidingo zabathengi.
AMAthrendi AMAHLANU OMQOKA OKUHLOLA UKUTHUTHUKISWA KWE-GREENHOUSE INDUSTRY E-RUSSIA:
UKUNWEBA UHLELO LWE-HYBRIDS EZITOLO,
UKUTHUTHUKISWA KOBUCHWEPHESHE KOKUKHIQISWA KANYE NOKWTHULWA KOBUCHWEPHESHE ABASHA,
UKUKHULA KWESIDINGO SEMIKHIQIZO YASEKHAYA,
IZINGUQUKO EZIMDINGENI ZOKUPAKA,
UKWAKHIWA KWEZINDLELA EZINTSHA EZISETSHENZISWAYO.