Ukusuka eMontreal kuya eKyoto ngeParis, uhlobo olusha lwabalimi basemadolobheni lutshala izithelo nemifino ngezindlela ezintsha ezihlale zivela
Izibikezelo ze-UN zibeka inani labantu emhlabeni ku-9.7 billion ngo-2050 - ngamaphesenti angu-80 abo abahlala emadolobheni. Imilomo eminingi okufanele idliwe. Kodwa ukudla kwabantu abaningi abahlala emadolobheni kuvela endaweni eqhele ngezinkulungwane zamakhilomitha. Ezweni lase-US Iowa, okungeyesithathu ngobukhulu ekukhiqizweni kwezolimo, amaphesenti angama-80 okudla okusetshenzisiwe sekuhambe ibanga elingaphezu kuka-1,900km.
Uma amadolobha eyingxenye yenkinga, kufanele abe yingxenye yesixazululo. Abalimi abasha basemadolobheni ababhekene nenselele ababhekana nayo. Izixazululo zihlukahlukene njengamadolobha ethu futhi ngokuvamile zihlanganisa ubuchwepheshe obusezingeni eliphezulu. 'Sidinga ukubona idolobha njengohlu lwezinselelo nezindlela ezahlukene zezolimo zasemadolobheni njengamathuluzi ebhokisini lamathuluzi. Akukho okulingana konke uma kuziwa ekuthuthukiseni izinhlelo zokudla zasendaweni neziqinile,' kusho uHenry Gordon-Smith, isikhulu esiphezulu kwa-. Ezolimo, inkampani ehlela ezolimo yasemadolobheni.
Kodwa lawa akuwona amapulazi akho okufuya angaphakathi kwedolobha asendulo. Lufa Farms in Montreal, eCanada, ingenye yezingqalabutho futhi yakha izindlu zokugcina izithombo phezu kwezakhiwo zezimboni ezinezindawo zokukhiqiza izitshalo, lapho izitshalo zimila khona emanzini anamaminerali anothile.
Le nkampani yaqalwa ngu-Mohamed Hage, ongowokufika ovela eLebanon, futhi manje isisebenza ezindaweni ezine kulo lonke elaseMontreal. Njengoba ukhulele edolobheni elincane elikhiqiza ukudla kwalo, uHage waphuthelwa ukunambitheka nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo omusha otshalwe endaweni eMontreal. 'Akukho lutho olumayelana nezolimo lwasemadolobheni oluletha izinguquko, kumane kuwukuzithokozisa kwento endala kakhulu,' usho kanje.
Amadolobha ahlushwa umphumela 'wokushisa kwedolobha' ngenxa yokuthi izakhiwo ezithatha indawo yezitshalo zimunca futhi zigcine ukushisa - zona zidinga ukupholisa umoya okwengeziwe. Kungakho uzizwa kushisa kakhulu edolobheni, izindawo eziminyene ngokuvamile zishisa kakhulu kunezindawo eziluhlaza. Amapulazi asemadolobheni asiza amadolobha 'aluhlaza kabusha', ehlise izinga lokushisa, akhiphe i-CO2 emoyeni futhi akhiphe umoya-mpilo omusha.
Amapulazi amathathu akwaLufa asophahleni olwalungakaze lusetshenziswe, kanti elesine laklanywa ngenhloso yokuba nendlu ebamba ukushisa ophahleni. Kulula ukucabanga ukuthi lokhu kuwukwehla nje olwandle kodwa isonto ngalinye bavuna izithelo nemifino engu-25,540 kg – amaphesenti amabili ezidingo zokudla zaseMontreal. Indawo yakamuva e-Ville Saint-Laurent, manje eyindlu yokushisa ophahleni enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni, iyodwa yenza cishe ingxenye yale ngqikithi.
E-Europe, iParis ihamba phambili kulo mzabalazo, sibonga kakhulu umkhandlu wedolobha. Ukushisa okukhulu ngo-2003 kwabangela ukufa kwabantu abangu-14,802 eFrance. Ukuze kuliwe neziqhingi ezishisayo zasemadolobheni, imeya yaseParis u-Anna Hidalgo wasungula Parisculteurs bahlele ukwakha amahektha ayi-100 ngendawo eluhlaza ngo-2020, ingxenye yesithathu igxile ekulimeni kwasemadolobheni.
Izinkampani ezingene emakethe zihlanganisa Nature Urbaine, ipulazi elikhulu kunawo wonke emhlabeni eliphezu kophahla, elihlezi phezu kwesikhungo sombukiso sasePorte de Versailles. Njengoba lihlanganisa amamitha-skwele ayi-14,000, ipulazi litshala izinhlobo ezingama-30 zemifino namakhambi, futhi liqashisa ngezabelo eziyi-140 kubantu bendawo. Sous les Fraises, ngakolunye uhlangothi, inamapulazi ayisishiyagalolunye aphezu kophahla akhiqiza izitshalo ezingcono kakhulu njengamajikijolo nama-hops.
Amadolobha ngokuvamile agcina enezindawo ezingaphansi komhlaba ezingasetshenzisiwe. Umhume isebenzisa indawo yokupaka izimoto yaseParis endala. 'Ukulima kuyimpi yomhlaba kuqala, ngakho ukukhula ngaphansi komhlaba kwaba yisixazululo ngoba kulula futhi kunendawo eningi engasetshenziswa,' kusho umsunguli okanye naye u-Théo Champagnat. Kodwa-ke, amaphrojekthi anjalo avame ukudinga izibani ze-LED ukuze zenze ukuntuleka kokukhanya kwelanga, ngakho-ke amandla amaningi asetshenziswa. Ngokukhetha ngokucophelela izitshalo, uLa Caverne ukugweme lokhu. 'Ukulima kwe-LED kumele ngaphansi kwamaphesenti amahlanu omsebenzi wethu. I-Chicory ikhula ebumnyameni obuphelele futhi amakhowe adinga ukukhanya okuncane kakhulu,' kuchaza u-Champagnat.
Ukusebenza kungaba yizindleko ezinkulu emapulazini amaningi asemadolobheni. Kodwa ngokuthembisayo, inkampani yaseJapane Spread udale ipulazi lokuqala elikhulu emhlabeni elizisebenzelayo, I-Techno Farm Keihanna e-Kyoto. 'Uma indawo ekhulayo iba nkulu, kuba nzima nakakhulu ukuqinisekisa ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kwezinto ezifana nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo, ubukhulu kanye nenani. Ngasikhathi sinye, ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile kuyadingeka ukuze kumiswe ukusebenza ngokwezinga elidingekayo ukuze kusebenze okuzenzakalelayo,' kusho umkhulumeli weSpread. Lesi sitshalo manje sikhiqiza amathani amathathu kalethisi nsuku zonke.
I-automation ibhekane nezingxenye zokukhiqiza ezidinga abasebenzi abaningi kakhulu okuhlanganisa ukutshala, ukukhuphula izithombo kanye nokuthuthwa kwamapaneli okulima. 'Sicabanga ukuthi lokhu kuzosiza ukwenza ezolimo zihehe kakhulu ezizukulwaneni ezincane, futhi kube nomthelela ekwenzeni ezolimo zibe yimboni esimeme,' kusho okhulumela iSpread. Akukhona nje ukuthi ulethisi okhiqizwayo awunazibulala-zinambuzane kodwa uqukethe nezinga le-beta-carotene (isakhi esibalulekile) likalethisi ovamile we-iceberg eliphindwe izikhathi eziningana.
Ngisho nabantu ngabanye kanye namabhizinisi amancane bangangena kulo mdlalo LA Urban Farms'Tower Garden. Isebenzisa i-modular aeroponic tower system, ingangena endaweni encane njenge-balcony. 'Kukwenza ukudla ngendlela enempilo kufinyeleleke kalula uma unokudla okusha okutshalwe egcekeni lakho noma endaweni yakho yokudlela ngoba uyakwazi ukulawula ukudla kwakho,' kusho umsunguli u-Wendy Coleman. Yilokho impela ukudla okulula kakhulu.