Izihlungi ziyingxenye ebalulekile yezinhlelo zokunisela ezibamba ukushisa. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wezihlungi ukuhlukanisa izinhlayiya ezimisiwe noma ezincibilikisiwe emanzini. Ekucheleni, izihlungi zihlose ukususa izinhlayiya ezithinta impilo yezitshalo noma ukusebenza kahle nokufana kokusatshalaliswa kwamanzi.
Nakuba zonke izinhlelo zokunisela kufanele zibe nezigaba eziningi kanye nezinhlobo zezihlungi, kubalulekile ukukhetha isihlungi esifanele. Abalimi kufanele bakhethe izihlungi ngokusekelwe enkingeni eqondiwe, ukuhambisana nesistimu yokunisela esunguliwe, kanye nezindleko zokuhlunga.
Izinkinga eziqondiwe nezinketho zokuhlunga
Nakhu ukubheka ukungcola kwamanzi okuvamile okutholakala ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kanye nezihlungi ezinconyiwe ukususa lokho kungcola.
Izinhlayiya ze-Organic zihlanganisa imfucumfucu, i-algae, nama-pathogens. Amagciwane amaningi mancane kakhulu (isb., izinhlayiya zegciwane zingaba ngaphansi kuka-1 μm kanti ezinye izakhiwo zesikhunta zingaphansi kancane kuka-200 μm) futhi ukubamba ngesihlungi kungadinga usayizi wembotshana omncane kakhulu, njengokuhluzwa kwe-membrane ecwebezelayo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlungwa kwe-membrane akuvamile ukusetshenziswa kulolu hlelo lokusebenza ngoba ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu kanye nomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe odingekayo kuyabiza .
Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia naseMichigan State University bahlole izihlungi zesihlabathi ezihamba kancane nezisheshayo ukuze zisuswe I-Phytophthora sp. futhi I-Pythium sp. futhi wabona imiphumela emihle. Lezi zihlungi zisusa amagciwane, cishe ngenhlanganisela yezinqubo zomzimba nezebhayoloji. Izihlungi zesihlabathi ezihamba kancane zakha ungqimba lwe-biofilm (olwaziwa ngokuthi i-schmutzdecke) olunciphisa noma luvimbele amagciwane ngezithiyo ezibonakalayo nezindlela zokulawula izinto eziphilayo. Kodwa-ke, izihlungi zemidiya zingavaleka uma imfucumfucu imaholoholo (isb, ukhula). Ngakho-ke, isihlungi sangaphambili esimahhadla siyanconywa. Izihlungi zesikrini nezemidiya ziyasebenza ekususeni izinsalela ezinkulu zemvelo nokhula; ziza ngosayizi obanzi futhi azibizi uma kuqhathaniswa.
Izinhlayiya ezingaphili noma udoti zihlanganisa amaminerali amahle anjengesihlabathi, ubumba nodaka. Lokhu kungcola kungasuswa ngephepha, isokisi, isikrini, noma izihlungi zediski. Izihlungi zesokisi zisusa kahle kakhulu izinhlayiya ezingaphili ezimisiwe. Nokho, zinendawo encane engaphezulu futhi ngenxa yalokho zivala kalula. Izihlungi zesokisi zinconywa njengesigaba sokugcina sokuhlunga. Ungasebenzisi i-membrane filtration ukuze ususe izinhlayiya ezingaphili ezimisiwe noma imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo. Lokhu kungcola kungalimaza ngokomzimba ulwelwesi.
Ama-inorganics ancibilikisiwe afaka noma yimaphi amasawoti ancibilikisiwe ajwayele ukubalwa ekuhlaziyeni kwakho amanzi (isibonelo: i-iron, carbonates, calcium, sodium, njll.). Ukuhlunga kwe-membrane kunconywa ukususa usawoti oncibilikisiwe emanzini. I-Reverse osmosis izosusa wonke ama-ion ngaphandle kwe-boron emanzini. I-ayoni kanye ne-manganese kungabuye kukhishwe ngenhlanganisela ye-oxidation (i-chlorine noma i-permanganate), okulandelwa ukuhlungwa ngezihlungi ezishajiwe (isb, inhlabathi eluhlaza).
Izinto eziphilayo ezincibilikisiwe zihlanganisa ama-agrochemicals nama-humic acid. I-Granular activated carbon filtration isusa inani elikhulu lamakhemikhali ezolimo emanzini. Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yaseFlorida baqaphela ukuthi i-carbon ecushiwe ye-granular yayisebenza kahle ekususeni amakhemikhali amaningana, kuhlanganise nama-insecticides (i-acephate, i-bifenthrin, i-chlorpyrifos, ne-imidacloprid), ama-herbicides (glyphosate ne-triclopyr), izilawuli zokukhula kwezitshalo (i-flurprimidol, i-paclobutrazol), ne-uniconazole. nama-sanitizers amanzi (quaternary ammonium chloride, sodium hypochlorite, ne-peroxygen). Izihlungi ze-carbon activated granular ziyatuswa uma kusetshenziswa noma yimuphi umthombo wamanzi noma uhlelo lokunisela olunezinsalela zezolimo - amachibi okubamba amanzi, amanzi ajikeleziswa kabusha, noma amasistimu okunisela kancane.
Ukucatshangelwa okubalulekile mayelana nokuhlunga ku-greenhouse irrigation systems
Faka izigaba eziningi zokuhlunga - ukusuka kokumaholo kuya kokuhle - ukugwema ukuvaleka kwesistimu nokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kokukhipha izinhlayiya. Futhi, cabangela izindleko. Isibonelo, izihlungi zesikrini sensimbi zinezindleko eziphansi futhi zingasetshenziswa ukususa izinhlayiya ezimahhadla. Izihlungi zefiber (iphepha noma isokisi) zibiza kakhulu kunezihlungi zesikrini, futhi zivame ukusetshenziswa njengesiteji sokugcina sokuhlunga. Hlale ucwenge amanzi akho kahle kakhulu ngaphambi kokusebenzisa izihlungi ze-membrane; ukungenzi kanjalo kuzolimaza ulwelwesi olubizayo.
Gcina izihlungi. Hlanza izihlungi njalo ukuze ugweme ukuvala noma ukuklebhula izihlungi. Khetha izihlungi ezinokugeza ngemuva okuzenzakalelayo lapho uhlunga imfucumfucu yezinto eziphilayo nezingaphili.