#UNexpert #greenfarming #smartagriculture #cropprotection #sustainableagriculture #technologyinagriculture
Njengengxenye yephrojekthi ye-FAO "Smart Farming for Future Generations," uchwepheshe weNhlangano Yezizwe mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwamakhemikhali ezolimo wenza ukuqeqeshwa kokulima kwe-greenhouse eFergana. Ukuqeqeshwa kwakugxile ekulawuleni okuphelele kwezinambuzane nezifo ekutshalweni kwe-greenhouse, kugcizelela izinqubo ezisimeme kanye nokusetshenziswa kwamasu athuthukile. Lesi sihloko sihlola imininingwane ebalulekile eyabiwe ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa kanye nemithelela engaba khona ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo.
Kuseshini yakamuva yokuqeqeshwa ebibanjelwe eFergana, ababambiqhaza abangaba ngu-50 babambe iqhaza ohlelweni lokufundisa ngamasu okulima okubamba ukushisa oholwa uchwepheshe owaziwayo we-UN. Ukuqeqeshwa kuhlelwe ngaphansi kohlelo lwe-FAO oluthi “Smart Farming for Future Generations,” okuhloswe ngalo ukukhuthaza izindlela zolimo ezisimeme kanye nezindlela ezintsha zokuvikela izitshalo.
Uchwepheshe wabelane ngemininingwane yokulwa nezinambuzane ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho kwamazwe ngamazwe okuphambili. Egcizelela ukubaluleka kokucabangela imijikelezo yokukhula, ukulinganisela, nokuzwana phakathi kwezitshalo, izinambuzane, amagciwane, nezakhi, waqokomisa isidingo sendlela yokuvikela evikela izitshalo kuyilapho ilondoloza imvelo.
Njengamanje, kubalulekile ukutshala izitshalo ezimelana nezifo nezinambuzane, kuyilapho kuvumela indawo ezungezile ukuthi ikhule ngokwemvelo, ngaphandle kokungenelela kwabantu ngokweqile. Ingcwethi lezi zigcizelele isidingo sokuthi kwehliswe ukuthembela kumvundiso wokwenziwa kanye lezibulala-zinambuzane ngesikhathi esifanayo kukhuliswe ukukhiqiza. Le ndlela iqinisekisa ukuthi abathengi bangakwazi ukuthola ukudla okunempilo kuyilapho benciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwama-chemical agents.
Ukufeza lezi zinhloso, uchwepheshe uphakamise ukwamukelwa kwezinto ezintsha zokumboza zokulima okubamba ukushisa, njengamafilimu e-polyethylene anezithasiselo ezikhethekile ezilinganisa ama-microns angu-180-200 ngobukhulu. Lezi zithasiselo zinamandla okumunca imisebe ye-ultraviolet, zithuthukise ukuqina kwefilimu, futhi zivimbele ukwakheka kwamaconsi amanzi endaweni engaphakathi ye-greenhouse.
Ngezinhloso zokupholisa, uchwepheshe uphakamise ukusebenzisa amanetha e-shading esikhundleni somkhuba wamanje wokufafaza ngobumba. Ukwengeza, ukuqaliswa kwezicupho namanetha omiyane kungathuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, uchwepheshe we-UN uncome abalimi base-Uzbek ukuthi bafake izinto zokumboza phansi zokubulala amagciwane ezindaweni zabo ezibamba ukushisa. Uphinde wagcizelela ukubaluleka kokususa ukhula endaweni ezungezile nokusebenzisa izinhlelo ezineminyango emibili ukuze kuliwe ngempumelelo nokungcoliswa kwamagciwane.
Uchwepheshe ukhuthaze ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali ekulimeni kwe-greenhouse. Ngokwesibonelo, ukufakwa kwezinzwa zokuqapha umswakama wenhlabathi, amazinga emisebe yelanga, umswakama, nezinga lokushisa lomoya, kuhambisana nezinhlelo ze-software ezifanele, kungenza sikwazi ukulawula izimo ze-microclimate nezinhlelo zokunisela, ngisho nangemishini ephathwayo.
Iseshini yokuqeqesha inikeze ulwazi olubalulekile kanye nesiqondiso esisebenzayo kochwepheshe bezolimo abavela e-AKIS Centre of Agricultural Knowledge and Services esifundeni saseFergana. Abamele i-Plant Quarantine and Protection Agency, i-Fergana State University, kanye ne-Andijan Research Experimental Station for Vegetable and Melon Crops and Potatoes nabo babambe iqhaza.
Imibono eyabiwe uchwepheshe we-UN ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa inamandla okuguqula izindlela zokulima ezibamba ukushisa eFergana nangale kwayo. Ngokukhuthaza izindlela ezisimeme nezinobungani nemvelo zokulawula izinambuzane nokuvikela izitshalo, abalimi banganciphisa ukuthembela kwabo kumakhemikhali ayingozi, bonge izinsiza, futhi bathuthukise ikhwalithi nokuphepha komkhiqizo wabo. Ukuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali kunikeza amandla abalimi ukuthi bathuthukise izinqubo zabo zokulima futhi bakhulise umkhiqizo.
Ukwamukelwa kwalezi zindlela namasu athuthukile kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuzuza ezolimo esimeme, ukuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla, kanye nokunciphisa imithelela yemvelo ehlobene nezinqubo zokulima ezivamile.
Ukuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe be-UN mayelana nokulima kwe-greenhouse eFergana kwagqamisa ukubaluleka kwezinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane okuphumelelayo, kanye nokuhlanganiswa kobuchwepheshe bedijithali. Ngokwamukela lezi zindlela, abalimi bangathuthukisa ukukhiqiza, banciphise izingozi zemvelo, futhi banikeze abathengi izinketho zokudla okunempilo. Ulwazi oluzuzwe kulokhu kuqeqeshwa luzofaka isandla ekuthuthukisweni kokulima okubamba ukushisa kanye nentuthuko jikelele yomkhakha wezolimo esifundeni.