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Ezolimo zingenye yezimboni ezibalulekile ukuze kuphile isintu. Abalimi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi, onjiniyela bezolimo nososayensi basebenza ngokuzikhandla ukuze bathuthukise isivuno sezitshalo nokuqinisekisa ukutholakala kokudla. Kulo mzamo oqhubekayo, ukusungula izinto ezintsha kudlala indima ebalulekile, futhi enye yezinto ezintsha zakamuva ezithembisayo i-biochar, into etholakala emfucumfucwini yesundu.
Inqubo Yokuthola I-Biochar
I-Biochar itholakala ngenqubo eyaziwa ngokuthi i-pyrolysis, ehlanganisa ukushisisa i-organic biomass, njengokhuni, amaqabunga nobulongwe, lapho ungekho umoya-mpilo. Kulokhu, kusetshenziswa izinhlamvu zesundu, insalela efana nekhoba lesithelo esomisiwe, esitholakala ngobuningi e-Urabá Antioquia ngenxa yamasimu amakhulu esundu.
Ngokwemininingwane evela enkampanini i-Bioplanta SA, e-Urabá Antioquia isilinganiso sikazwelonke sokukhiqizwa kwesundu siphindwe kathathu, ngesilinganiso esimangalisayo samathani angu-14 ihektha ngalinye kanye namathani angu-40 esithelo ehektheleni ngalinye ngonyaka. Lokhu kwenza ukutholakala kwezinsalela zesundu kube kuningi ngakho-ke kube yinsiza ebalulekile yokukhiqiza i-biochar.
Ukuthuthukisa Ikhwalithi Yomhlabathi Kwezolimo
Ucwaningo lukaNevis Alejandra Ruiz Márquez lubonise ukuthi i-biochar inomthelela omuhle kukhwalithi yenhlabathi yezolimo. Kwenyusa ukungena kwenhlabathi, okuzuzisa kakhulu inhlabathi enesihlabathi futhi evundile kancane. Ukwengeza, i-biochar inamandla okulungisa i-pH yenhlabathi futhi inikeze imisoco ebalulekile njenge-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-potassium, ebalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo.
Ukumodela Kwezibalo Kwezolimo Eziqondile
Enye yezimpumelelo eziphawuleka kakhulu zalolu cwaningo ukwakhiwa kwamamodeli ezibalo enziwe ngendlela oyifisayo avumela abalimi nososayensi ukuthi bavumelanise ukusetshenziswa kwe-biochar nezinhlobo ezahlukene zenhlabathi nezitshalo. Lawa mamodeli abheka i-porosity yomhlabathi, ukusabela kwamakhemikhali, ukuthuthwa kwezakhi kanye nokukhululwa, phakathi kwezinye izici.
Imiphumela Ethembisayo
Imiphumela yocwaningo ikhombisa ukuthi inhlabathi ephathwe nge-biochar ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ikhulise ukungena kwayo ngo-24 kuya ku-29%, futhi amandla omhlaba okushintshanisa imisoco anyuke ngo-4%. Ukwengeza, amazinga e-nitrogen, i-phosphorus ne-magnesium akhuphuke ngaphezu kuka-2%. Le miphumela iyathembisa futhi iphakamisa ikusasa eliqhakazile lezolimo ezisimeme.
Ngale Kwezolimo
Ukusetshenziswa kwemodeli yezibalo ethuthukisiwe akugcini kwezolimo kuphela. Kungase futhi kusetshenziswe onjiniyela bomphakathi ukuhlola ukugcinwa komswakamo enhlabathini ye-biochar, okunomthelela ekwakhiweni kwezakhiwo nokuhlela amadolobha.
I-Biochar etholakala ezinsaleleni zesundu iwushintsho olungcono oluthuthukisa izinga lenhlabathi yezolimo nokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo. Ucwaningo luka-Nevis Alejandra Ruiz Márquez lubonise ukusebenza kahle kwalo nokuguquguquka ngamamodeli ezibalo enziwe ngokwezifiso. Lokhu kuphumelela akuzuzisi abalimi kuphela, kodwa futhi kunamandla okuguqula ezinye izimboni, njengokwakha.
Emhlabeni lapho ukusimama nokusebenza kahle kubalulekile, i-biochar yezinsalela zesundu ivela njengesisetshenziswa esibalulekile sokubhekana nezinselele zezolimo nangale kwalokho.