#tomatocultivation #high-techgreenhouses #LEDlighting #individualirrigationsystems #modernagriculture #sustainablefarming #environmentalimpact
Utamatisi ungomunye wemifino ethandwa kakhulu emhlabeni futhi isidingo sawo sikhula kancane kancane. Kodwa-ke, njengoba izindlela zokulima zendabuko zingasasebenzi kahle, abalimi besimanje baphendukela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ukuze bathuthukise isivuno sabo kanye nekhwalithi. Esifundeni sase-Ivanovo saseRussia, ipulazi elibizwa ngokuthi “i-Rodina” liqalise iphrojekthi yesimanje yokulima utamatisi esebenzisa ukukhanya kwe-LED kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela ngazinye. Umphumela uyamangalisa: ezinyangeni ezintathu nje, ipulazi lakwazi ukuvuna amathani angu-9 katamatisi weplamu kanye namathani angu-12 katamatisi aphakathi nendawo. Nakuba izindleko zokutshala izimali bezibalulekile, ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo iyazikhulumela. Lesi sihloko sihlola izinzuzo nezinselelo zokutshala utamatisi wobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, kanye namandla okwandisa lezi zinqubo ezintsha.
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela esitolo sezindaba saseRussia iSputnik, ipulazi likaRodina e-Ivanovo belilokhu litshala utamatisi lisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe besimanje cishe iminyaka eyishumi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwabo kwakamuva kuphrojekthi entsha kubiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-65, okubandakanya amamitha-skwele ayi-1,400 esikhala esihlomele izitshalo zikatamatisi. Izibani ze-LED kanye nezinhlelo zokuchelela ngazinye zilinganiswa ngokucophelela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi isitshalo ngasinye sithola inani elifanele lamanzi nezakhamzimba. Ezinyangeni ezintathu nje, ipulazi lavuna ingqikithi yamathani angu-21 katamatisi wezinhlobo ezimbili ezihlukene.
Ukusetshenziswa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo zobuchwepheshe obuphambili kunezinzuzo eziningi, kuhlanganise nekhono lokulawula isimo sezulu, ukukhanya, nezinhlelo zokunisela ngokunembile. Lelizinga lokulawula livumela abalimi ukuthi batshale izitshalo unyaka wonke, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi isimo sezulu sinjani ngaphandle. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kokukhanyisa kwe-LED kunamandla kakhulu kunezindlela zendabuko, ezinganciphisa kakhulu izindleko zokukhiqiza. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlelo zokunisela ngazinye zisiza ukuvimbela izifo kanye nezinambuzane ukuthi zingasakazeki phakathi kwezitshalo, ezingandisa isivuno nekhwalithi.
Nakuba izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinikeza izinzuzo eziningi, nazo ziletha izinselele ezibalulekile. Izindleko zokuqala zokutshala izimali zingaba phezulu, futhi ukunakekelwa kungase kube inkimbinkimbi, kudinga ulwazi olukhethekile nokuqeqeshwa. Ukwengeza, ukusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe kungase kubethusa abanye abalimi, abangase bathande izindlela ezivamile. Noma kunjalo, isidingo somkhiqizo wekhwalithi ephezulu, okhule ngokuqhubekayo siyaqhubeka nokwanda, futhi izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu sezikulungele ukuba yithuluzi elibalulekile kwezolimo zesimanje.
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu ziyizinto ezintsha ezithokozisayo emhlabeni wezolimo. Ipulazi le-Rodina lesifunda sase-Ivanovo liyisibonelo esihle kakhulu sokuthi ubuchwepheshe besimanje bungathuthukisa kanjani ukukhiqiza kanye nekhwalithi ngenkathi kunciphisa umthelela wemvelo. Nakuba izindleko zokuqala zokutshala izimali zingase zibe phezulu, izinzuzo zesikhathi eside zezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zizenza zibe ukutshalwa kwezimali okuzuzisayo kubalimi nonjiniyela bezolimo ngokufanayo. Njengoba isidingo somhlaba wonke somkhiqizo omusha sikhula kancane kancane, izindlu zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphakeme cishe zizokwanda kakhulu eminyakeni ezayo.