#greenvegetables #agriculture #Russia #greenhouse#industry #organicfood #agrotechnologies# greencrops#saladproduction #verticalfarming #importsubstitution #domesticproduction
Ukusetshenziswa kwemifino eluhlaza emisha emadolobheni kulo lonke elaseRussia kulindeleke ukuthi kwenyuke kufinyelele ku-12 kg ngomuntu ngamunye ngo-2030, kusuka esilinganisweni samanje sika-7-8 kg, ngenxa yesidingo esikhulayo sokudla okuphilayo nokunempilo. Imboni ye-greenhouse eRussia ibilokhu ikhula ngokushesha, njengoba ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo zemifino neziluhlaza kukhuphuka ngokuphindwe kathathu kule minyaka engu-15 edlule. Ukuthambekela ekukhiqizeni imifino engavuthwanga kanye nemifino yamasaladi kuzoqhubeka njengoba imele u-75-80% wemakethe yemifino eluhlaza yaseRussia. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, ukuthuthukiswa kwesimanje kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ku-agrotechnologies nemishini emisha kuyodingeka ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukutshalwa kwenhlabathi kanye nezimo zokukhula kwezilimo eziluhlaza. Ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo ye-organic kanye "eluhlaza" kulindeleke ukuthi kube umshayeli wentuthuko emkhakheni wezolimo waseRussia eminyakeni ezayo.
Umkhakha wezolimo waseRussia ubona ukwanda okuphawulekayo ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo eziluhlaza, ikakhulukazi imifino namasaladi atshalwe emhlabathini ovikelwe, ngesilinganiso sokukhula saminyaka yonke esingu-5% esilindelwe eminyakeni ezayo. Ngo-2030, ukukhiqizwa kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele kumathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane ezingama-60, okuqhutshwa ikakhulukazi ukwethulwa kwezindawo ezintsha kanye nokuhlukahluka kwemikhiqizo ngezitshalo ezinkulu ezibamba ukushisa, ukushintshwa kwamanye amazwe, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo semifino emisha namasaladi anamaqabunga. Ukusetshenziswa kwamasaladi nemifino kulindeleke ukuthi kufinyelele amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-300 ngo-2030, okudlula amazinga angama-2020 ngo-30%, kuze kufike ku-70% wemikhiqizo ehlinzekwa izinhlangano ezinkulu zezolimo. Amazinga okukhula aphezulu kakhulu kule minyaka eyishumi ezayo azobonakala ekukhiqizweni kwemifino namasaladi atshalwe emapulazini aqondile, avumela imifino nemifino ukuthi itshalwe kunoma yiziphi izimo zezulu, ikakhulukazi ezifundeni lapho ukulima kwemifino ebamba ukushisa kanye nenkundla evulekile kungenayo inzuzo. noma kunzima ngenxa yesimo sezulu esibi, njengaseMpumalanga Ekude, eSiberia, nase-Urals.
Ivolumu yokungenisa kwemifino yesaladi iyancipha kancane kancane, ngokuncipha kusuka kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-12.9 ngo-2021 kuya kumathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-9.88 ngo-2022 (-23%). Ngokusho kokuqagela kweBhange Lezolimo LaseRussia (i-RAB), cishe ama-70% amasaladi adliwe amaRussia azokhiqizwa ekhaya ngo-2030. Njengamanje, abahlinzeki abakhulu bemifino emisha yangaphandle eRussia yi-Egypt, Turkey, China, Serbia, ne-Azerbaijan, ehlangene yaba ngaphezu kwama-70% ayo yonke imikhiqizo yangaphandle ehlinzekwa emakethe yemifino emisha yaseRussia ngo-2022.
Ngokusho kwedatha evela kuCentre for Macroeconomic Analysis and Regional Forecasting yaseRosselkhozbank, ngo-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwemifino evaliwe kwase kufinyelele amathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.59, okuwukunyuka ngo-8% kusukela ngonyaka odlule. Ukukhiqizwa kwamakhukhamba abamba ukushisa kulinganiselwa ku-857.4 wamathani ayizinkulungwane (+5% kusukela ngonyaka odlule), kanti ukukhiqizwa kukatamatisi kufinyelele amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-657.4 (+7%). Ezinye izitshalo, kuhlanganise nemifino eluhlaza, ama-eggplant, nopelepele, kweqe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-60. Ukukhiqizwa kwemifino eluhlaza ngo-2022 kwafinyelela amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingama-42, namasaladi anamaqabunga namakhambi abalelwa ngaphezu kwama-75% engqikithi.
Isidingo esikhulayo semifino namasaladi aluhlaza eRussia siqhutshwa ukushintshela emikhubeni yokudla enempilo, kanye nokuthandwa kwemikhiqizo emisha, ephilayo, kanye netholakala endaweni. Ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo, izakhiwo ezibamba ukushisa eRussia kulindeleke ukuthi zibe zesimanje futhi zithuthukise izindawo zazo, okuzokwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwazo, kuthuthukise ikhwalithi yomkhiqizo, futhi kunciphise izindleko zokukhiqiza.
Ukuthambekela kokukhula kokusetshenziswa kwemifino eluhlaza kanye nemifino yamasaladi eRussia kulindeleke ukuthi kuqhubeke, futhi ukuthuthukiswa kwemboni yokushisa ukushisa kuzodingeka ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nalesi sidingo. Ukushintshela ezindleleni zokudla okunempilo nokunempilo kuyintuthuko enhle yomkhakha wezolimo eRussia, futhi ukutshalwa kwezimali kubuchwepheshe obusha nezindlela zokukhiqiza kuzoba ukhiye ekuhlangabezaneni nesidingo esikhulayo semifino eluhlaza eminyakeni ezayo.