I-lettuce ye-Iceberg, i-oakleaf lettuce, i-romaine, nawo wonke amanye ama-ulethisi esiwadlayo namuhla, avela ezitshalweni zasendle ezashintshwa eminyakeni engu-6000 edlule eCaucasus ukuze uwoyela wezitshalo uvunwe embewini. Ngemva kokuba amaGreki namaRoma asendulo eqhubeka nokuzalanisa izitshalo ukuze zizisebenzise njengemifino enamahlamvu, ulethisi nawo waphela emapuletini ethu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umlando okhethekile we-ulethisi uchazwe ngokuningiliziwe ngenxa yokuhlaziywa kwe-DNA yezinhlobo ezingu-445 ze-ulethisi, okwenziwa yi-Wageningen University & Research kanye ne-BGI yaseShayina. Ucwaningo lwabo luzoshicilelwa namuhla encwajaneni egunyaziwe ye-Nature Genetics futhi ivula umnyango wokuzalanisa okushesha nangempumelelo kwezilimo zokudla ezikwazi ukuqina.
Zama ukucabanga ngeqoqo lezinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ulethisi ezingu-2500: izinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1500 ezake zatshalwa abalimi ndawana thize emhlabeni kanye nezinhlobo ezingaba ngu-1000 zezitshalo ze-ulethisi zasendle ezivela emigwaqweni nasezindaweni zemvelo. Khona-ke zama ukucabanga nge-DNA eqoqwa kuzo zonke lezi zinhlobo zikalethisi futhi isetshenziselwe ukuthola ukuthi ulethisi osepuletini lethu laba khona kanjani. Izitshalo zokuqala zasendle zashintshwa ukuze zilinywe eminyakeni engu-6000 edlule eCaucasus. Lawa ma-lettuce okuqala ayefaneleka kuphela ukuvuna imbewu ukuze kukhishwe amafutha, futhi amaGreki asendulo namaRoma aqhubeka ezalanisa lezi zitshalo (ngaleso sikhathi, zazisenameva emaqabunga) ukuze zisetshenziswe njengemifino enamaqabunga. Futhi indaba exoxwa i-DNA iyaqhubeka, kuze kufike kubantu baseMelika ababedinga izakhiwo ezivela ezinhlobonhlobo zasendle ukuze bashintshe ulethisi webhotela elithambile, elibushelelezi libe ulethisi oqinile, we-iceberg.
Izinhlobo ezahlukene ze-ulethisi emhlabeni jikelele
Ukufuduka okuhamba kancane kulo lonke elaseYurophu
I-Center for Genetic Resources, e-Netherlands (CGN), okuyibhange lama-Dutch gene futhi eyingxenye ye-Wageningen University & Research (WUR), iphethe leli qoqo lezinhlobo ze-lettuce ezingu-2500. Leli iqoqo likalethisi elikhulu kunawo wonke, eliphelele, nelibhalwe kahle kakhulu emhlabeni.
Ngokusebenzisana ne-Chinese BGI, i-oda le-DNA linqunywa kuzo zonke izinhlobo ezingu-2500, okuhlanganisa nokuhlaziywa kwezinhlobonhlobo zofuzo kanye nomehluko nokufana phakathi kwalokhu okuhlukile. Imiphumela evela ezinhlotsheni zokuqala ezingu-445 zikalethisi iholele ekushicilelweni kwe-Nature Genetics mayelana nemvelaphi nomlando wokuzalanisa kwalesi sitshalo.
Kubonakala sengathi kwatholakala ingcebo yolwazi. Njengoba kuvela, izinhlobo zanamuhla zamalethisi alinyiwe ngokuvamile afana nowandulela wabo wasendle uLactuca serriola waseCaucasus futhi ulethisi wokuqala otshaliwe kumele ukuthi utshalwe imbewu futhi usetshenziselwe uwoyela. Ukuhamba kancane kwe-ulethisi kulo lonke elaseYurophu ngokusebenzisa umbuso waseRoma, kanye nokushintsha kusuka ekutshalweni kwembewu kuya ekutshalweni kwamaqabunga, nakho kungakhiwa kabusha.
I-lettuce ye-Iceberg ngokumelene ne-lettuce ye-butterhead "yakudala".
Lolu cwaningo lukwazile nokuthola iphuzu lapho ulethisi wakamuva kakhulu we-iceberg wahlukana khona nolethisi “wakudala” we-butterhead ocingweni lwezakhi zofuzo ze-Lactuca virosa yasendle, iqiniso okwase kuyisikhathi eside kusolwa ukuthi lisekelwe kudatha yohlu lozalo lwalezi zinhlobo ze-ulethisi.
Ukuhlaziywa kobudlelwane phakathi kolwazi lwe-DNA kanye nezici zamalethisi alinyiwe kubonisa ukuthi ukukhethwa okuqinile kwenzeka ezicini ezazifiseleka ekukhiqizeni nasekusetshenzisweni, "izici zasekhaya" njengokungabikho kwemigogodla nameva, okwaholela ekunciphiseni ukuhlukahluka endaweni. izifunda ze-DNA lapho izakhi zofuzo zalezi zici zitholakala. Kuvela futhi ukuthi ukunquma indawo yezakhi zofuzo eziningana ku-DNA kungenzeka ngokuhlaziya ubudlelwano phakathi kokuhlukahluka kwe-DNA nezici ngokusebenzisa lokho okubizwa nge-Genome Wide Association Studies (GWAS).
Isihluthulelo sengcebo yezinto zofuzo zokuzalanisa
Ngokuka-Rob van Treuren kanye no-Theo van Hintum, ababhali ababili abakwa-Wageningen bokushicilelwa, ucwaningo lubonisa kahle ukuthi lungakanani ulwazi olungaqoqwa olwazini lwe-DNA eqoqweni lebhange lofuzo. Iphinde ikhombise ukuthi kubaluleke kangakanani ukulondolozwa nokuvikelwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nemithombo yofuzo ekuhlinzekeni ukudla okusimeme ngezikhathi zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwanda kwabantu emhlabeni jikelele.
“Ukuthola ukuhleleka kwe-DNA yezinto, emaqoqweni ethu nakwamanye, kwenza isayensi ikwazi ukulandelela izici ezifihliwe kuze kube manje, ezinkulungwaneni zezinhlobonhlobo nenani lasendle likaulethisi nezinye izitshalo. Ngokwenza kanjalo, sithole isihluthulelo sebhokisi elikhulu lomcebo. Ngokwesibonelo, ake ucabange ukuthi ucwaningo lubonisa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zibalulekile ekumelaneni nesomiso noma isifo esithile. Khona-ke uzokwazi ukusesha kudatha ye-DNA ukuze uthole izinsiza zofuzo ezinezakhi zofuzo ezibukeka zifana kakhulu futhi, usebenzisa lezo zinsiza, ungazalanisa izitshalo ngokushesha nangempumelelo kakhulu kunalokho obekungenzeka ngaphambilini. Lokho akuyona into emfushane ngenguquko.”
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe:
I-Wageningen University & Ucwaningo
www.wur.nl