Kubalulekile ukwenza ukuhlaziya kwesisombululo samanzi nezakhi njalo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi utamatisi we-hydroponic uthola izinga elifanele lezakhi.
Ukuqinisekisa ukuthi utamatisi okhule nge-hydroponic uthola amazinga afanele wezakhi kudinga ukuhlola izixazululo zamanzi nezakhamzimba. Abalimi kumele baqinisekise ukuthi imishini yokunisela iletha inani elifanele likamanyolo. Amazinga omsoco kufanele aqashwe futhi alungiswe ngokuya ngesigaba sokukhula kwezitshalo, isizini, amazinga okukhanya kanye nohlobo lukatamatisi.
“Ekufakweni kukamanyolo esitshalweni esilinywe emhlabathini noma endaweni engenamhlabathi, umgomo uwukufanisa ukumuncwa kwezakhi zezitshalo eduze ngangokunokwenzeka nenani elihlinzekwe njengomanyolo” (Mary Peet, USDA, Division of Plant Systems- Production, 2005). Ziningi izizathu zokwenza lokho, kodwa isizathu esibaluleke kakhulu ukuvimbela ukugeleza kukamanyolo okuwukuphela kwemali.” Kubalimi abanesistimu yokunisela evulekile lokhu kuzolimaza kakhulu. Ehlelweni lokunisela elivaliwe, umanyolo oweqile uyabuyiswa futhi ugaywe kabusha ngemva kokwelashwa kwamanzi.
Ukuhlaziywa kwesampula yamanzi
Kubaluleke kakhulu ukwenza njalo ukuhlaziya amanzi okunisela kanye nesisombululo sezakhi (amanzi + umanyolo). Izinga lamanzi okunisela aphuma emthonjeni, edamini noma ohlelweni lukamasipala kufanele kunqunywe ngaphambi kokwenza noma yiluphi uhlobo lohlelo lokuvundisa. Amazinga abalulekile abalimi okufanele bawazi ahlanganisa: amanzi kagesi conductivity (EC), amanzi pH, sodium (Na), chloride (Cl) uma usebenzisa umthombo wamanzi kamasipala, calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg) kanye ama-sulfate (SO4). Okuthandwayo kungokwamazinga aphansi azo zonke lezi zakhi. Amanzi EC ngaphansi kuka-0.5 millisiemens/centimeter (mS/cm) izinga elihle. Uma i-pH yamanzi iphezulu, ukwelashwa kwangaphambili kungenziwa nge-sulfuric acid, i-phosphoric acid noma i-citric acid. Amazinga e-pH angcono kakhulu naphephile aphakathi kuka-5 no-6.
Ukusampula kwesixazululo sezakhi kufanele kwenziwe masonto onke noma ngama-biweekly. Isampula yesisombululo somsoco kufanele ithathwe emithonjeni emibili:
1. Okuphakelayo kuyisixazululo somsoco uhlelo lokunisela olumpompa izitshalo ezithathwe ku-dripper.
2. I-drain yimvundisi evela ku-substrate. Lokhu kubalulekile esu lokuvundisa.
Ulwazi oluwusizo
Ulwazi olutholwe ekuhlaziyweni kwesixazululo sezakhi lusiza kulokhu:
1. Qinisekisa ukuthi imishini yokuchelela iphuza inani elifanele likamanyolo.
2. Qinisekisa ukuthi i-EC ne-pH yesisombululo sezakhi zingamazinga agculisayo.
3. Thola inani likamanyolo ngento emuncwa izitshalo.
4. Thola inani likamanyolo odinga ukufakwa/ukukhishwa esixazululweni sezakhi.
Kunganqunywa ukuthi inani lokunisela lifanelekile yini ngokubheka i-drain EC. Uma i-EC iphezulu kakhulu, kungase kungabikho amanzi anele afakwa ezitshalweni. Uma i-EC iphansi kakhulu (iphansi kune-feed EC) izitshalo kungenzeka zithola amanzi amaningi kakhulu.
5. Qinisekisa ukuthi inani lokunisela lifanelekile yini ngokubheka i-drain EC. Uma i-EC iphezulu kakhulu, kungase kungabikho amanzi anele afakwa ezitshalweni. Uma i-EC iphansi kakhulu (iphansi kune-EC feed), izitshalo kungenzeka zithola amanzi amaningi kakhulu.
Kunama-laboratories amaningi enza lolu hlobo lokuhlaziywa kwesixazululo samanzi nezakhi. Kubalulekile ukukhetha ilebhu lapho abasebenzi benolwazi lwe-hydroponics.
Amalabhorethri amabili anconyiwe yiGroen Agro Control eNetherlands kanye nePerry Laboratory eWatsonville, Calif.
Amazinga omsoco anconyiwe
Esithombeni seyunithi yomthamo womanyolo wokuphathwa kwezitshalo ye-Netafim, umugqa oluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ngakwesobunxele ngamanzi okunisela (amanzi omthombo noma amanzi kamasipala angenawo umanyolo). La manzi ampontshelwa egumbini lokuxutshwa lapho kufakwa khona umanyolo futhi amanzi abe yisixazululo sezakhi (umugqa opinki kwesokudla). Isixazululo somsoco sigeleza ngezinzwa ze-EC kanye ne-pH ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi i-EC ne-pH ehlosiwe iyagcinwa.
Ithebula 1 libonisa amazinga omsoco nge-elementi noma i-molecule enconyelwe izixazululo zezakhi zikatamatisi zikalwa emseleni. Amazinga e-elemental kumamajini aphansi noma aphezulu awabi ngempela. Ukugcina izinga elifanele lezakhamzimba kuncike ezitshalweni.
Ithebula 1 libonisa amanani afiselekayo atholwe ngohlaziyo lwesampula lokudonsa amanzi. Ngokuhlala uhlaziya ikhambi lezakhi, amazinga okuhlosiwe angafaniswa afaneleka kangcono isitshalo.
Ukulungiselela izixazululo zomsoco
Amakhemikhali avame kakhulu okuxuba izixazululo zezakhi zishiwo ku- I-athikili ye-Hort Americas mayelana nokukhiqizwa kukapelepele we-hydroponic greenhouse.
Zihlanganisa:
- I-Ca(NO3)2 (Calcium nitrate)
- I-KNO3 (Potassium nitrate)
- I-KH2PO4 (i-Mono-potassium phosphate)
- I-MgSO4*7 H2O (Magnesium sulfate)
- I-H3BO3 (i-Boric acid)
- I-MnCl2*4 H2O (Manganous chloride)
- I-CuCl2*2 H2O (Cupric chloride)
- I-K2SO4 (i-Potassium sulfate)
- I-MoO3 (Molybdenum trioxide)
- I-ZnSO4*7 H2O (I-Zinc sulfate)
- I-Fe Sequestrene 330 (insimbi yensimbi)
Izincomo ezijwayelekile
- Ezinye izinhlobo zikatamatisi zisengozini yokubola ekugcineni kwe-blossom (BER) http://ucanr.edu/sites/placernevadasmallfarms/files/86509.pdf) kunezinye. Hlola isu lokunisela kanye namazinga e-nitrate njengoba i-nitrate ephezulu ingaba imbangela ye-BER.
- Gcina izilinganiso zokunisela zansuku zonke ebhukwini lokungena (EC, pH namaphesenti okukhipha amanzi). Lona umsebenzi wansuku zonke okufanele wenziwe ekuseni kakhulu ngaphambi kokuba imijikelezo yokunisela iqale. Bona amamitha aphathwayo e-EC/pH https://hortamericas.com/product-category/growing-supplies/meters/
- Qhathanisa ukufundwa kwe-EC/pH kwemanuwali neyunithi yokunisela, kufanele ihambisane.
- Gcina isilinganiso se-K:Ca siseduze.
- Linganisa amamitha we-pH ne-EC kanye ngeviki.
- Linganisa izinzwa ze-pH endaweni yokuchelela okungenani kanye ngenyanga.
- Gcina isistimu yokuchelela ihlanzekile futhi uyishaye ngezikhathi ezithile.
- Hlanza amathangi kamanyolo nyanga zonke ukuze ugweme ukuncibilika komanyolo.
- Gcina i-pH ye-micronutrient stock tank iphansi (pH 4).
Ukuze uthole okwengeziwe: Hort Americas, (469) 532-2383; https://hortamericas.com.