Abacwaningi baseCambridge babonise ukuthi izitshalo zingakwazi ukulawula i-chemistry ye-petal surface yazo ukuze zenze izimpawu ezikhazimulayo ezibonakala ezinyosini.
Nakuba izimbali eziningi zikhiqiza ombala ogqamile futhi osebenza njengenkomba yokubuka abathumbi bempova, ezinye izimbali zibuye zenze amaphethini amancane anezinhlangothi ezintathu endaweni yazo. Lezi zindlela ezihambisanayo zibonisa ubude beza obuthile bokukhanya ukuze kukhiqizwe umthelela okhanyayo ongabonakali emehlweni abantu ngaso sonke isikhathi, kodwa obonakala ezinyosini.
Kunokuncintisana okuningi kokunakwa ngabathuthi bempova futhi—uma kubhekwa ukuthi u-35% wezitshalo zomhlaba uthembele ezinambuzaneni zezilwane—ukuqonda ukuthi izitshalo zenza kanjani amaphethini amacembe ajabulisa abathuthi bempova kungaba okubalulekile ekuqondiseni ucwaningo nezinqubomgomo zesikhathi esizayo kwezolimo, ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo nokongiwa kwemvelo.
Ucwaningo oluholwa ithimba likaSolwazi Beverley Glover eMnyangweni Wezesayensi Yezitshalo eCambridge luveze ukuthi kuningi okwenziwa yiphethini ye-petal kunalokho okubonwa ngamehlo. Imiphumela yangaphambilini ibonise ukuthi ukubopha komshini komncane, kuyavikela i-cuticle ungqimba ebusweni bamacembe amancane akhulayo angabangela ukwakheka kwamagquma amancane.
Lawa ma-ridge a-odelwe kancane asebenza njengama-diffraction grating abonisa ubude obuhlukile bokukhanya ukuze kwakhe umphumela obuthakathaka we-iridescent we-halo eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka ku-spectrum eluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka-UV engabonwa ama-bumblebees. Nokho, kwakungaqondwa ukuthi kungani lezo zinhlamvu zakha ezimbalini ezithile noma ezingxenyeni ezithile kuphela zamacembe.
U-Edwige Moyroud, owaqala lolu cwaningo elebhu kaSolwazi Glover futhi manje osehola iqembu lakhe locwaningo eSainbury Laboratory, usungule i-hibiscus yase-Australia, i-Venice mallow (Hibiscus trionum), njengemodeli entsha yokuzama ukuqonda ukuthi kanjani futhi nini. lezi nanostructures ziyathuthuka.
"Imodeli yethu yokuqala yabikezela ukuthi ukukhula kwamangqamuzana angakanani nokuthi lawo maseli enza i-cuticle engakanani kwakuyizici ezibalulekile ezilawula ukwakheka kwemigqa," kusho uDkt. Moyroud, "kodwa lapho siqala ukuhlola imodeli sisebenzisa. umsebenzi wokuhlola eVenice mallow sithole ukuthi ukwakheka kwabo kuncike kakhulu kumakhemikhali e-cuticle, okuthinta indlela i-cuticle esabela ngayo kumandla abangela ukugoqa.
“Umbuzo olandelayo esifuna ukuwuhlola ukuthi amakhemikhali ahlukene angazishintsha kanjani izakhiwo zemishini ye-cuticle, njenge-nanostructure-building material. Kungenzeka ukuthi ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali okuhlukene kuphumela ku-cuticle enokwakheka okuhlukile noma enokuqina okuhlukile futhi ngaleyo ndlela kube nezindlela ezihlukene zokusabela emandleni atholwa amangqamuzana njengoba i-petal ikhula.
Le phrojekthi iveze ukuthi kunenhlanganisela yezinqubo ezisebenza ndawonye futhi zivumela izitshalo ukuba zilolonge indawo yazo. UDkt. Moyroud wanezela, “Izitshalo zingosokhemisi abesabekayo futhi le miphumela ikhombisa ukuthi zingakwazi kanjani ukushuna kahle ikhemikhali ye-cuticle yazo ukuze zikhiqize ukuthungwa okuhlukile kuwo wonke amacembe azo. Amaphethini akhiwe esikalini esincanyana kakhulu angafeza imisebenzi eminingi, kusukela ekuxhumaneni nama-pollinator kuya ekuvikeleni ezilwaneni ezidla uhlaza noma amagciwane.”
"Ziyizibonelo ezinhle zokuhlukahluka kokuziphendukela kwemvelo futhi ngokuhlanganisa izivivinyo kanye nokumodela ngekhompyutha sesiqala ukuqonda kangcono ukuthi izitshalo zingazakha kanjani."
Okutholakele kuzoshicilelwa ku Biology yamanje.
“Le mininingwane iwusizo futhi ezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye umsebenzi wokonga ngoba ziyasiza ekuchazeni indlela izitshalo ezisebenzelana ngayo nendawo ezikuyo,” kusho uProfesa Glover, ophinde abe umqondisi weCambridge University Botanic Garden, lapho abacwaningi baqala khona ukuqaphela izimbali ezikhazimulayo zeVenice mallow.
“Ngokwesibonelo, izinhlobo zezilwane ezihlobene eduze kodwa ezikhula ezindaweni ezihlukahlukene zingaba namaphethini ahlukene kakhulu. Ukuqonda ukuthi kungani ukubhabhadiswa kwamacembe kuhluka nokuthi lokhu kungase kuthinte kanjani ubudlelwano phakathi kwezitshalo nabathutha impova bazo kungasiza ekwaziseni kangcono izinqubomgomo ekuphathweni kwesikhathi esizayo kwezinhlelo zemvelo kanye nokongiwa kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo.”
Ukuphenya ukuthi yini eshayela i-3D petal patterning
Abacwaningi bathathe indlela ehlakaniphile ophenyweni. Baqale babona ukukhula kwe-petal futhi baqaphela ukuthi amaphethini e-cuticle avela lapho amaseli enwebeka, okuphakamisa ukuthi ukukhula kwakubalulekile. Babe sebenquma ukuthi ingabe ukukala amapharamitha aphathekayo ahlobene nokukhula, njengokunwetshwa kweseli nokuqina kwe-cuticle, kungabikezela ngokwanele amaphethini abonisiwe, futhi bathola ukuthi awakwazanga. Babe sebethatha unyawo behlehla bezama ukuhlonza ukuthi yini engekho.
Izakhiwo zempahla, noma ngabe i-inorganic noma ikhiqizwa amangqamuzana aphilayo njenge-cuticle, kungenzeka ukuthi incike esimweni samakhemikhali sale nto. Ngalokhu engqondweni, abacwaningi banquma ukubheka i-cuticle chemistry, futhi bathola ukuthi, ngempela, lokhu kuyisici esilawulayo. Ukwenza lokhu, baqale basebenzisa indlela entsha evela emkhakheni wamakhemikhali ukuze bahlaziye ukwakheka kwe-cuticle ezindaweni eziqondile kakhulu kulo lonke i-petal. Lokhu kubonise ukuthi izifunda ezinamacembe anokwakheka okuhlukile (okubushelelezi noma oku-striated) nazo ziyahluka kukhemistri yobuso bazo.
Uma beqhathanisa ne-cuticle ebushelelezi, bathole ukuthi i-striated cuticle inamazinga aphezulu e-dihydroxy-palmitic acid nama-wax namazinga aphansi we-phenolic compounds. Ukuhlola ukuthi i-cuticle chemistry yayibalulekile ngempela yini, base bephayona indlela ye-transgenic e-Hibiscus yokushintsha i-cuticle chemistry ngqo ezitshalweni, besebenzisa izakhi zofuzo ezifanayo nalezo ezaziwa ngokulawula ukukhiqizwa kwama-cuticle molecule esitshalweni esihlukile esiyimodeli, i-Arabidopsis.
Lokhu kubonise ukuthi ukuthungwa kwe-cuticle kungashintshwa, ngaphandle kokushintsha ukukhula kwamaseli, ngokumane kulungiswe ukwakheka kwe-cuticle. I-cuticle chemistry ingakulawula kanjani ukugoqa kwayo kwe-3D? Abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ushintsho ku-cuticle amakhemikhali ithinta izakhiwo zemishini ye-cuticle njengoba, ngisho nalapho yeluliwe kusetshenziswa idivayisi ekhethekile, amacembe e-transgenic ane-cuticle ebushelelezi ahlala ebushelelezi, ngokungafani nalawo avela ezitshalweni zohlobo lwasendle.