Njengoba ohulumeni abambalwa emhlabeni wonke bephishekela imingcele ekusetshenzisweni kukamanyolo we-nitrogen kwezolimo, abalimi bebengazivumelanisa kanjani nezimo uma uhulumeni wase-Australia ethatha indlela efanayo?
Amaphuzu ayisihluthulelo:
- Ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo kunesibopho sokungaphezu kwesigamu segesi ebamba ukushisa kwesivuno sikakolweni kazwelonke
- Ukukhishwa kwe-nitrous oxide kuvela ekushiseni kukamanyolo we-nitrogen njenge-urea
- Ukuguquguquka kungancishiswa ngokuphatha, kodwa i-nitrogen yokwenziwa kunzima ukuyishintsha ezinhlelweni zokutshala
Umphathi omkhulu wocwaningo lweBirchip Cropping Group uJames Murray uthe indlela esobala yokunciphisa ukungcola okuvela kumanyolo we-nitrogen wukusebenzisa kancane kwawo.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi ngokwemvelo into engingakhetha ukuyikhetha wukutshala imidumba eminingi ngokushintshanisa, ngoba uma sitshala imidumba asikho isidingo sokuthi sifake initrogen ukuze sihlangabezane nokukhiqizwa,” kusho yena.
“Kodwa akulula njengalokho, ngoba kukhona isisi esibamba ukushisa njenge-nitrous oxide ehambisana nokuwohloka kwezibindi zemifino.”
Ekulinyweni okubanzi, ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa kukamanyolo kubalele amaphesenti angama-58 wegesi ebamba ukushisa yesilimo sikakolweni wase-Australia eminyakeni emihlanu edlule, ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo.
Kulokho, amaphesenti angama-31 enzeke epulazini, ingxenye enkulu yawo eza ngokushintshashintsha kukamanyolo we-nitrogen, lapho i-nitrous oxide ikhishelwa emkhathini.
I-nitrous oxide iyigesi ebamba ukushisa enamandla cishe izikhathi ezingu-300 kune-carbon dioxide.
Ngaphandle kokutshala imidumba efaka initrogen ukuze kwehliswe ukusetshenziswa kwemvundiso, uMnumzana Murray uthi zikhona izinto ezikhona zokuhlehlisa ukugugudeka okubakhona nxa initrogen ifakwe esilimoni njalo izulu linganeli kulandela ukufaka isicelo sokuyibhidliza.
"Kunemikhiqizo embalwa emakethe - enye i-urease inhibitor, enciphisa leyo ngozi yokuguquguquka ngokunciphisa lokho kukhululwa lapho ufaka isicelo uma ungayitholi imvula yokulandelela ngokushesha," esho.
“Enye i-polymer coating, ebambezela ukukhishwa kwe-nitrogen kakhulu.
“Kodwa inselelo abanayo ukuthi akubizi ngempela ukuyisebenzisa, njengoba i-urease inhibitor ithengisa cishe u-$50 ithani phezu kwezindleko zakho ze-urea, ngakho-ke ivula umbuzo mayelana nokuthi kubiza kangakanani lokho ekulimeni. uhlelo.”
UMnu Murray uthe noma ngabe abalimi basebenzisa inhibitor ye-urease noma cha, kunenzuzo enkulu ekutholeni ilungelo lokufaka initrogen nokunciphisa ukuguquguquka.
"Sikhuluma kancane ngama-R amane - ngakho-ke isilinganiso esifanele, umkhiqizo olungile, umthombo ofanele kanye nesikhathi esifanele, okuzothi ekugcineni kosuku kube nezinzuzo ezibalulekile zokukhiqiza, futhi uma sehlisa igesi yethu ebamba ukushisa. unyawo ngesikhathi esifanayo, lokho kuyibhonasi,” kusho yena.
Amazwe ahlanganisa iNew Zealand, Canada kanye neNetherlands alandela imingcele ekufakweni kukamanyolo ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhishwa kwegesi, okuyinto uMnu Murray athi ibhekwa kubalimi lapha.
“Kunokucutshungulwa mayelana nokufinyelela ezimakethe kanye neziyalezo ezingase zibe khona esikhathini esizayo mayelana nendlela izinto ezisetshenziswa ngayo,” esho.
“Ngicabanga ukuthi kunethuba elihle lokuthi imboni yokusanhlamvu yase-Australia ibe phambili kulo mdlalo kulokhu, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi okokufinyelela emakethe noma ukucatshangelwa okungase kube khona kwegunya.
“Mayelana nokwenza ngcono indlela esisebenzisa ngayo izinto esizitshalayo, inzuzo enkulu iwukuba siphume phambili ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo.”
Yiziphi ezinye izindlela?
Abanye abalimi bazama ezinye izindlela esikhundleni somanyolo wokwenziwa ngaphansi kwesambulela esibanzi “sokulima kabusha”.
Phakathi kwabo kukhona uLuke Batters, olima nomndeni wakhe eduze kwaseSt Arnaud entshonalanga yeVictoria.
"Ukusebenza kwethu ikakhulukazi uhlelo olusekelwe ku-synthetic futhi ukusebenzisa kwethu umanyolo wokwenziwa namakhemikhali kukhule kakhulu," esho.
“Ngangisebenza ngaphandle kwezolimo iminyaka eyisikhombisa futhi lapho ngibuyela epulazini ngaba nomqondo ohlukile ngakho-ke sizama izinto ezimbalwa ezihlukene mayelana nemikhiqizo, mayelana nokuthi i-carbon ne-biological and chemistry-based input ithinta kanjani. uhlelo.”
UMnu Batters uzama ezinye izindlela ezifana nomquba, umquba, izimila zasolwandle kanye ne-vermicast, okuyingxube yemikhiqizo, okuhlanganisa nokubunjwa kwezikelemu.
“Kwaze kwaba yilapho ngiqala ukwenza lo msebenzi wokuhlola lapho ngabona khona ukuthi sasithembele kangakanani ku-nitrogen njengokufakwayo kokwenziwa,” esho.
Yiziphi izinkinga?
UMnu Batters uthe yize ecabanga ukuthi izivivinyo zakhe bezinempilo, zishoda kakhulu i-nitrogen futhi akakwazanga ukuvala lesi sikhalazo ngezinye izindlela azisebenzisile.
"Ngahamba kakhulu nge-turkey ebandayo futhi ngayeka ukusebenzisa umanyolo wokwenziwa futhi sekucacile, umehluko phakathi komanyolo osetshenzisiwe kanye nokungabikho komanyolo wokwenziwa kanye nokuthembela kulezo ezinye izindlela," esho.
"Lezi zinto zizosebenza ohlelweni uma i-biology isukuma futhi ihamba, kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uhlelo lwethu lwamanje luyancipha kakhulu kwi-biology, empeleni aluzange luqale."
UMnuz Batters uthe akakayitholi imiphumela abeyilindele kodwa usazophikelela.
“Uma kunemithetho ngokuzayo mayelana nalokho esingakwazi ukukwenza nesingakwazi ukukwenza futhi singenayo enye indlela sizofika singabambeki,” usho kanje.