UMnyango Wezinsizakalo Zokusetshenzelwa KweNyuvesi yaseNew Mexico esikhathini esizayo esiseduze ungashisa futhi upholise zonke izakhiwo zawo ngamandla avela ku-geothermal, okwenza i-UNM ibe enye yamanyuvesi ambalwa ezweni lonke ukuthi isebenzise uhlelo olunjalo lwekhampasi yonke.
Ukuguqulwa kusuka ekushisiseni nasekupholiseni okusekelwe kugesi yemvelo kuya ohlelweni oludonsa ukushisa kwemvelo kusuka phansi kungenye yezinto ezingase zicatshangelwe njengoba i-UNM ithuthukisa uhlelo olusha oluyinhloko lokuphathwa kwezindawo zayo ukuya phambili, kusho uMqondisi Wezinkonzo Ezisetshenziswayo uJeff Zumalt. Kodwa ukudonsa inhlamvu kuncike ekuhlaziyeni ngokucophelela izindleko nezinzuzo.
"Sike sabheka ukwakha uhlelo lokushintsha ukushisa kwe-geothermal e-Johnson Field esikhathini esedlule, kodwa kudinga izindleko ezimba eqolo," kusho uZumalt etshela iJournal. “Kuwuhlelo olukhulu oluzokwakhiwa ukuthi luqhubeke iminyaka engu-20 noma engu-30, ngakho-ke kudingeka siveze ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo ehlukene kaphethiloli ukuze sinqume ukuthi iyonga yini.”
Inqwaba yezakhiwo zomphakathi isivele isebenzisa amaphampu okushisa asuka phansi ukuze kufudumale futhi kupholiswe, okuhlanganisa izikole ezithile e-Albuquerque, Rio Rancho nase-Alamogordo.
Ikhefu lentela likahulumeni elisha elingafika ku-30% ezindlekweni zokuthenga nokufaka amasistimu anjalo e-geothermal aqukethwe kuMthetho Wokuncishiswa Kokwehla Nokwehla kwamandla emali wangonyaka odlule kungenza ukuguqulwa kufinyeleleke kakhulu. Futhi manje, izikweletu ezintsha esiShayamthetho sesifundazwe zingangeza kakhulu kulokho kulondoloza uma kugunyazwa, okungenzeka kusize i-UNM nezinye izakhiwo zezentengiselwano, zezimboni nezikahulumeni eNew Mexico ukwenza ushintsho.
Lokho kuhlanganisa izikweletu ezimbili ezethulwe kuseshini yalo nyaka nguSen. Jerry Ortiz y Pino, D-Albuquerque, ukuze kuhlinzekwe izigidi ezingu-25 zamaRandi wezibonelelo nemalimboleko, kanye nezinxephezelo zentela ezengeziwe, cishe kuzo zonke izinhlobo zocwaningo lwe-geothermal namaphrojekthi wokuthuthukisa endaweni yaseNew Mexico. Lokho kuhlanganisa kokubili ukukhiqizwa kukagesi we-geothermal namasistimu okushisa nawokupholisa, okuhlanganisa ukusetshenziswa kwamaphampu asekelwe phansi ukuze athwebule ukushisa okungaphansi komhlaba okuvamile, noma amasistimu angena emanzini ashisayo angaphansi komhlaba.
Umthethosivivinywa wesithathu, i-SB45 - owethulwe yi-Las Cruces Democrat Sen. William Soules - uzogxila ngokukhethekile kumaphampu okushisa asekelwe phansi aqondise ukushisa okuvamile okungaphansi komhlaba okushintshisana nokushisa ukuze kuhanjiswe umoya oshisayo ebusika nomoya opholile ehlobo ezakhiweni zokuhlala nezohwebo. I-SB45 inganikeza ikhefu lentela elingafika ku-30% kulawo masistimu, okuhlanganisa izaphulelo eziqondile zabathengi abahola kancane abanezikweletu zentela ezilinganiselwe noma abangenazo nhlobo.
"Abantu abangenawo umthwalo wentela bangakwazi ukuthola isheke kuhulumeni," kusho uSoules etshela iJournal. "Lokho kwenza isikweletu sifinyeleleke kakhulu kuwo wonke amazinga emali engenayo."
Ukuthuthuka kwezobuchwepheshe
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bezinhlelo zokuphehla ugesi we-geothermal zisathuthuka futhi kungathatha iminyaka emihlanu noma ngaphezulu ukuthi bubambe iqhaza eNew Mexico nakwezinye izindawo.
Ngokuphambene, amasistimu anamuhla wokushisisa nokupholisa okushisayo aselungile emakethe futhi asevele asetshenziswa ezindaweni eziningi. Kodwa abanikazi bezindlu, abaphathi bezakhiwo kanye namabhizinisi ezentengiselwano badinga ukukhuthazwa okwengeziwe ukuze bawamukele.
"Lezi zinhlelo zingadlala indima ebalulekile njengoba sisuka ezintweni ezimbiwa phansi futhi sithuthukisa izinhlelo zamandla avuselelekayo," kusho uSoules. "Ubuchwepheshe buthuthukiswe kahle, kodwa kuzodinga imizamo yokufundisa kanye nokukhuthaza ukuqhubekela phambili."
UShari Kelly, isazi sokuma komhlaba esiphezulu se-Bureau of Geology and Mineral Resources, ubize izinhlelo zokushisisa nokupholisa okusekelwe phansi komhlaba ngokuthi “izithelo ezilenga kancane.”
"Kunomfutho omkhulu manje wokusebenzisa amaphampu okushisa omthombo ophansi ukushisa nokupholisa izakhiwo," kusho uKelly etshela iJournal. “…Ucwaningo lukhombisa ukuthi emithonjeni ekujuleni okungamafidi angama-200 kuye kwangama-400 nje, izinga lokushisa lihlala lingashintshile cishe ku-50 kuya ku-60 degrees Fahrenheit. Ehlobo, lawo mazinga okushisa apholile kunomoya ozungezile futhi angasetshenziselwa ukupholisa, futhi ebusika, afudumele kunamazinga okushisa asendaweni futhi angasetshenziselwa ukufudumeza.”
Ukwengeza, imisebenzi ehlukahlukene yezohwebo ithephe ngempumelelo amadamu amanzi ashisayo angaphansi komhlaba ukuze ilawule amabhizinisi abo, okuhlukile kunezinhlelo ezisekelwe kumaphampu okushisa asekelwe phansi.
Lokho kuhlanganisa i-AmeriCulture Inc. eduze kwase-Lordsburg esebenzisa amachibi ashisisa ngokushisa komhlaba ukuze ikhulise iminwe ye-tilapia kanye neMasson Farms e-Radium Springs - umsebenzi wamahektare angama-20 okhulisa izimbali nezitshalo futhi manje ukhokhiswa njengendlu yokushisa yesibili ngobukhulu e-US.
Isazi seGeologist saseNyuvesi yaseNew Mexico State esathatha umhlalaphansi, uJim Witcher, owenza umsebenzi wokubonisana neMasson Farms, uthe ukusebenza kweRadium Springs kwehlise izindleko zokushisisa ngo-93%.
"Inikeza ukonga okukhulu kwamandla uma kuqhathaniswa negesi yemvelo," kusho u-Witcher etshela i-Journal. "Izindleko zokushisisa zamaMasson Farms zingaba (zibalwe zibe) zibe ngaphansi kwamasenti angama-50 ku-1,000 cubic feet wegesi yemvelo."
Izintengo zanamuhla zegesi yemvelo zishintshile zisuka cishe ku-$4 zaya ku-$7 per 1,000 cubic feet.
Ukuthunyelwa kwenani elikhulu?
Ngalé kwezakhiwo ngazinye kanye nemisebenzi yezohwebo, ubuchwepheshe bokumba obuthuthukisiwe - manje osebuthuthukisiwe ukuze busebenzise ukushisa okunamandla okwakhiwa kwamatshe ashisayo angaphansi komhlaba - kunganikeza ukufudumeza nokupholisa emiphakathini yonke.
Umthuthukisi wamandla okushisa komhlaba waseCanada i-Eavor Inc., ebihlola ubuchwepheshe bayo obusha eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-New Mexico, manje usayina izinkontileka eYurophu zokushisisa izifunda zedolobha eligcwele.
Impi yase-Ukraine, eyakhubaza igesi yemvelo kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zamandla ezivela e-Russia, isikhiqize intshisekelo enkulu yaseYurophu ekushiseni okuphansi kwe-geothermal ye-Eavor, kusho iPhini Likamongameli we-Eavor for Business Development u-Neil Ethier.
"Sinamaphrojekthi amaningi emsebenzini wokushisisa isifunda emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu aseYurophu," kusho u-Ethier.
Iqembu elisebenzayo le-geothermal elasungulwa nguSen. Ortiz y Pino ngonyaka odlule lihlonze amathuba amaningi esifundeni sokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yokuhweba eyengeziwe kusetshenziswa amandla avela ku-geothermal. Lokho kungahlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka ezishisayo ukuya ekomisweni kwezitshalo kwe-chile namantongomane kanye nokusebenzisa izikloni ze-geothermal ukwenza izitini ze-adobe.
Ngokushisisa ngokushisa komhlaba kanye nokupholisa izakhiwo, isithelo esilengayo esiphansi sisekwakhiweni okusha. U-Ortiz y Pino ulindele ukufaka isikhumbuzo kuseshini yamanje ukuze akhuthaze amaphrojekthi amasha kahulumeni ukuthi afake amaphampu okushisa asuka phansi.
“Asikwazi ukukugunyaza, kodwa singanxusa ukuthi kusetshenziswe lezi zinhlelo uma kuhlelwa ukwakha,” kusho u-Ortiz y Pino.
Ukuthunyelwa kwenani elikhulu?
Ngaphandle kwezakhiwo ezingazodwana nemisebenzi yezentengiselwano, ubuchwepheshe bokumba obuthuthukisiwe - manje obuthuthukiswayo ukuze busebenzise ukushisa okunamandla okwakhiwa kwamatshe ashisayo angaphansi komhlaba - kunganikeza ukufudumeza nokupholisa emiphakathini yonke.
Umthuthukisi wamandla okushisa komhlaba waseCanada i-Eavor Inc., ebihlola ubuchwepheshe bayo obusha eningizimu-ntshonalanga ye-New Mexico, manje usayina izinkontileka eYurophu zokushisisa izifunda zedolobha eligcwele.
Impi yase-Ukraine, eyakhubaza igesi yemvelo kanye nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zamandla ezivela e-Russia, isikhiqize intshisekelo enkulu yaseYurophu ekushiseni okuphansi kwe-geothermal ye-Eavor, kusho iPhini Likamongameli we-Eavor for Business Development u-Neil Ethier.
"Sinamaphrojekthi amaningi emsebenzini wokushisisa isifunda emadolobheni amaningi amakhulu aseYurophu," kusho u-Ethier.
Iqembu elisebenzayo le-geothermal elasungulwa nguSen. Ortiz y Pino ngonyaka odlule lihlonze amathuba amaningi esifundeni sokuthuthukisa imisebenzi yokuhweba eyengeziwe kusetshenziswa amandla avela ku-geothermal. Lokho kungahlanganisa yonke into kusukela ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kanye nezindawo zokungcebeleka ezishisayo ukuya ekomisweni kwezitshalo kwe-chile namantongomane kanye nokusebenzisa izikloni ze-geothermal ukwenza izitini ze-adobe.
Ngokushisisa ngokushisa komhlaba kanye nokupholisa izakhiwo, isithelo esilengayo esiphansi sisekwakhiweni okusha. U-Ortiz y Pino ulindele ukufaka isikhumbuzo kuseshini yamanje ukuze akhuthaze amaphrojekthi amasha kahulumeni ukuthi afake amaphampu okushisa asuka phansi.
“Asikwazi ukukugunyaza, kodwa singanxusa ukuthi kusetshenziswe lezi zinhlelo uma kuhlelwa ukwakha,” kusho u-Ortiz y Pino.
Umthombo: https://www.abqjournal.com