I-FDA yagxeka izinyathelo endaweni yokushisa ye-hydroponics exhunywe nokuqubuka kwehlobo eledlule, futhi yanikeza imihlahlandlela enemiphumela embonini edumile.
Isaladi ezingenakubalwa abathandi bamukele umkhiqizo we-hydroponic, beqiniseka ukuthi ulethisi wezingane, i-arugula kanye namakhambi akhuliswe endlini ezindlini zokugcina izithombo aphephile kunemifino egxiliwe ngaphandle emhlabathini wepulazi.
Abalimi beHydroponic bakhangisa umkhiqizo wabo njengokusha, okuvame ukukhuliswa eduze nemizi yamakhasimende kunasemasimini akude. Futhi uchungechunge lwamacala okunoshevu wokudla axhumene nemifino yendabuko etshalwe enhlabathini evela e-California nase-Arizona eminyakeni yamuva nje ikhulise ukukhanga komkhiqizo we-hydroponic okhuliswe endaweni.
Kodwa a i-salmonella Ukuqubuka kwehlobo eledlule okugulise abantu abangu-31 ezifundazweni ezine futhi kwalandelelwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa eBrightFarms hydroponic eRochelle, Ill., Kwembula ukuthi ngisho nemifino eluhlaza etshalwe endaweni enophahla isengozini yokungcoliswa.
Yize ukuqubuka bekukuncane, iFood and Drug Administration yenze uphenyo ngezimbangela zako, okukholakala ukuthi wuphenyo lokuqala lwasekhaya mayelana nokugula okutholakala ekudleni okuxhumene nemifino enamaqabunga e-hydroponic. I-ejensi, esanda kukhishwa umbiko ekutholeni kwayo, yagqamisa izingozi ezingaba umphumela wokwehluleka ukuqinisekisa amanzi ahlanzekile emachibini akhulayo kanye nokugcinwa okufanele kwezinto zokwakha, kanye neziqondiso ezituswayo zokuphepha zamapulazi e-hydroponic ngokuvamile. Umbiko oshaya kanzima ube yisixwayiso embonini ye-hydroponics kanye nesignali kubathengi ukuthi imifino yayo ayivikelekile kumagciwane.
Ukubhekana nalesi sifo, iBrightFarms yenze uhlelo lokuqinisa ukuphepha kokudla kanye nekhwalithi yayo, ngokusho kukaSteve Platt, oyisikhulu esiphezulu sale nkampani.
Abaphenyi be-FDA - abavakashele isikhungo seBrightFarms ngoJulayi no-Agasti, ngesikhathi lapho i-ejensi inciphise ukuhlolwa kwayo ngenxa yemikhawulo ye-Covid-19 - ayikwazanga ukuthola imbangela yangempela yokuqubuka. Kodwa ukuhlolwa kwabo kuthole ubufakazi, endaweni engaphandle yamanzi esiphepho eduze nesikhungo, bezinhlobo ze-salmonella ezibangele ukuqubuka, kanye nobufakazi bohlobo oluhlukile lwe-salmonella echibini elikhulela endlini, kusho umbiko wale nhlangano. (Ukutheleleka kweSalmonella, noma i-salmonellosis, ivame ukusabalala lapho abantu bedla ukudla okungcoliswe indle yezilwane ezinegciwane. Amagciwane ahlasela umgudu wamathumbu.)
Umbiko we-FDA uthole izinkinga ngendlela lesi sikhungo sisingatha ngayo amanzi echibi ahlinzekwa ngumasipala, asetshenziswa uma imifino enamaqabunga itshalwa ezihlengeni ze-polystyrene ezintantayo.
“Uma esesemachibini akhulayo, amanzi awahlali ebulawa amagciwane noma alashwe ngenye indlela,” kuphawula lo mbiko.
UKorrie Burgmeier, okhulumela iBrightFarms, esitatimendeni sikaMat Lingard, iphini likamongameli wezolimo nesayensi wale nkampani, ukuthi emzamweni wokugcina amanzi ayo engenazo izithasiselo, iBrightFarms ayihlali ibulala amagciwane emanzini ayo. Esikhundleni salokho, uthe abasebenzi bajwayele ukuhlola amanzi futhi bawaphathe “uma ukuhlolwa kukhombisa ubungozi.”
Baphinde bagxeka lesi sikhungo ngokugcina izinto ezikhula ngaphansi kwe-hydroponic ngaphandle esikhundleni seshede, okusishiya sibe sengozini yobulongwe bezinyoni nokungenwa yizilwane. Impahla enjalo isetshenziselwa ukuzinzisa izitshalo futhi inikeze izakhi ezimpandeni.
Okunye ukushoda, kusho abaphenyi, ukuthi iBrightFarms ayizange ibhale ngokwanele "ukuthi ukuhlanzwa nokuhlanzwa kwemishini, amathuluzi nezakhiwo ezisetshenziswa ekukhuleni kwemisebenzi kwenziwa ngokujwayelekile ngokuya ngezinqubo zefemu."
Ochwepheshe bathi umbiko we-FDA uveza ukuthi kungenzeka kube nezinkinga embonini ye-hydroponic eyaziwa ngokuthi yi-controlled environment agriculture, noma i-CEA.
"Ngokweqiniso, lowo mbiko uyisinyathelo sokuqala esihle kuwo wonke umuntu ku-CEA ukuthi, 'Kulungile, sidinga ukwenza okwengeziwe,'" kusho uMartin Wiedmann, uchwepheshe we-salmonella kanye noprofesa wezokuphepha kokudla nesayensi yokudla e-Cornell University's College of. Ezolimo Nesayensi Yezempilo.
Kusukela maphakathi noJulayi, iBrightFarms yaqala ukukhumbula imifino yamasaladi ezifundazweni ezimbalwa zaseMidwestern, ngokusho kweCDC. Iphinde yaqasha inkampani ebonisana ngokuphepha kokudla, iMatrix Sciences, ngokusho kukaMnu. Platt, isikhulu esiphezulu.
"Kuwumgomo wethu ukudala uhlelo lwezolimo oluphephe kunazo zonke," kusho uMnu. Platt esitatimendeni esibhaliwe.
Inkampani yabelane ngeziqondiso ezivela kokubili i-FDA kanye ne-Matrix esithangamini esiyimfihlo nabaholi bemboni ye-hydroponic, kusho uMnu. Platt.
I-BrightFarms, esebenza ngamapulazi ayisithupha ezifundazweni eziyisithupha, ithengwe ngonyaka odlule yi-conglomerate Cox Enterprises. Ihlele ukwandisa umthamo wayo ngamahektha angu-200 eminyakeni emibili ezayo, nezindawo ezintsha zokushisa izitshalo ezinhlanu oGwini Olusempumalanga naseMidwest naseTexas, kusho uMnu. Platt esitatimendeni.
Ukulima nge-Hydroponic kusabalale ugu kuye ogwini kule minyaka eyishumi edlule. Eminye imisebenzi, njengesiza seBrightFarms, igcinwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Ezinye ziphezu kophahla, noma zikhule ezakhiweni ezinjengombhoshongo.
U-Lori Hilliard waseLombard, Ill., Uphakathi kwabantu abangama-31 abagula ngenxa yokuqubuka kweBrightFarms. Labo abagulayo basukela eminyakeni engaphansi ko-1 kuye kwengama-86 ubudala, ngokusho kweCenters for Disease Control and Prevention..
Uthe wayesanda kuthenga umkhiqizo we-hydroponic ngesikhathi ethenga iziqukathi ezimbalwa zemifino yesaladi ye-BrightFarms esitolo segrosa sendawo ngoJuni odlule.
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, waqaphela ukuthi kukhona okungahambi kahle.
“Lezi kwakuyizinhlungu ezixaka kakhulu engake ngaba nazo,” kusho uNksz. Hilliard, umsizi wezokwelapha oqinisekisiwe eqenjini elikhulu lezokwelapha. Izimpawu zaba zimbi kakhulu, futhi waba nomkhuhlane, ukuqunjelwa kanye nesifo sohudo esibi kakhulu ekuphileni kwakhe.
Umyeni wakhe wamyisa egumbini lezimo eziphuthumayo, lapho kwatholakala ukuthi une-viral gastritis ngephutha. Emuva ekhaya, isifo sohudo saqhubeka, okwabangela ukuba aphuthume endlini yangasese kaningi izikhathi ezingu-15 ngosuku.
“Izikhathi ezimbalwa, kwakuzwakala njengomsebenzi,” kusho uNksz Hilliard. “Ngangikhala nje ngenxa yobuhlungu.”
Udokotela wakhe wamnikeza izinto zokuhlola indle. Ngokushesha ngemva kwalokho, wathola ucingo oluvela eMnyangweni Wezempilo Wesifunda saseDuPage, ethi unoshevu we-salmonella. Lapho ebuzwa ukuthi wayewudlile yini ulethisi wakwaBrightFarms, izingcezu zephazili zachofa ndawonye.
Ngisho namanje, wathi, akazizwa elulame ngokuphelele. Ufinyelele esivumelwaneni neBrightFarms ngemali angeke akwazi ukuyidalula ngokusekelwe esivumelwaneni, ngokusho kommeli wakhe, uWilliam Marler.
Uthe akasawadli amasaladi.
Ebuzwa ngaleli cala uMnu. Platt uthe: “Kusiphathe kabi ukuzwa ukuthi uNksz Hilliard wagula. Futhi nakuba umnyombo wawungatholakali epulazini lethu, abashwalensi bethu bakwazi ukufinyelela esinqumweni esinozwela.”
I-CDC iyalinganisela , amagciwane e-salmonella - avela emithonjeni eminingi - abangela izifo ezingaba yizigidi eziyi-1.35, ukulaliswa esibhedlela kwe-26,500 kanye nokufa kwe-420 e-United States njalo ngonyaka.
Yize i-FDA ingakakhiphi imithetho emisha kuze kube manje mayelana nokuqubuka kuka-2021, uVeronika Pfaeffle, okhulumela le nhlangano, uthe le nhlangano iyazi ngokukhula kwemboni ye-hydroponic futhi izothatha noma yiziphi izinyathelo ezidingekayo ukuvikela impilo yabantu.
"Imikhuba ye-CEA, efana naleyo esetshenziselwa ukusebenza kwe-hydroponic greenhouse, ihluke ngezindlela ezibalulekile emikhubeni esetshenziswa ekukhuleni kwendawo evulekile, futhi leyo mehluko eyingqayizivele kufanele ixazululwe ngombono wokuphepha kokudla," kusho uNksz Pfaeffle.
I-FDA ithathe amasampula alinganiselwa ku-300 emifino, amanzi nezinye izinto njengengxenye yophenyo lwayo lweBrightFarms.
Okubalulekile okutholwe kwaba ubukhona be-Salmonella typhimurium - uhlobo olugulise abantu abangu-31 - emgodini wamanzi esiphepho endaweni eseduze nesayithi le-BrightFarms. Kepha abaphenyi benhlangano abakwazanga ukucacisa ukuthi igciwane elingcolise imifino enamaqabunga liqhamuke yini esitsheni futhi lathuthela endaweni ebamba ukushisa, noma ngabe lihambe lisuka endaweni ebamba ukushisa liya emgodini, ngokusho kombiko.
Abaphenyi baphinde bathola olunye uhlobo lwegciwane, iSalmonella Liverpool, echibini lokukhula elisendlini eBrightFarms.
"Lokhu kugqamisa ukubaluleka kokunciphisa imithombo yokungcoliswa kwamagciwane kanye nokusebenza nokugcina amachibi okukhiqiza ngendlela engabangeli ukusabalala kwamagciwane emkhiqizweni," kusho umbiko.
Abacwaningi eNyuvesi yase-Arkansas basebenzise ama-athikili ejenali yesayensi edlule ukuze baqonde kangcono ubungozi obungaba khona bamagciwane emifino enamahlamvu etshalwa nge-hydroponically. Ucwaningo lwabo, lushicilelwe ku-Horticulturae ngo-2019, waphetha ngokuthi amagciwane omuntu “angena kalula ngaphakathi ezicutshini zezitshalo ngokuthathwa kwesisombululo sezakhi esingcolile ngesistimu yezimpande.”
UKristen E. Gibson, omunye wababhali balolu cwaningo kanye noprofesa ohlanganyele naye wezokuphepha kokudla eNyuvesi yase-Arkansas, ubesebenzisana noMnyango Wezolimo wase-US ocwaningweni lwe-hydroponics, befuna amasu angase alawule amagciwane, esho.
Izikhulu zikahulumeni nezikahulumeni ezifuna abathengi beBrightFarms abagulayo basizwa ukuhlolwa kwe-genome okuphelele, iminwe ye-DNA engaxhumanisa umthengi nobuthi bokudla kumkhiqizi emthonjeni wokugula.
“Bahlala ekhaya; abayi kodokotela babo,” kusho uMnu. Brackett. "Noma yikuphi ukuqubuka ongakwazi ukukulandelela, kuhlala kubalulekile."
Iqembu elilodwa elinaka lo mbiko yi-CEA Food Safety Coalition, eyakhiwe ngonyaka ka-2019 ngabakhiqizi abahamba phambili, okubandakanya iBrightFarms, ngokusho komphathi wayo, uDkt. Elisabeth Hagen, owayekade e-USDA ngaphansi kukanobhala wezokuphepha kokudla.
Umfelandawonye, onamalungu angaba ngu-30, ukhiphe izindinganiso zemifino enamaqabunga entwasahlobo edlule, egxile ezingozini ezihlobene namanzi, ukwakheka kwesakhiwo kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane, kusho uDkt.
Abakhiqizi be-CEA bangafuna isigxivizo sokuqinisekisa ukuze siboniswe emaphaketheni abo uma umfelandawonye uthola ukuthi bahambisana nezindinganiso zeqembu.
Abanye baye bacela ukuqondiswa okwengeziwe. USarah Sorscher, isekela lomqondisi wezindaba zokulawula eSikhungweni Sesayensi Yesithakazelo Somphakathi, iqembu labathengi elingenzi inzuzo, uthe iCongress kufanele inikeze imali eyengeziwe ku-FDA ukuze kusheshiswe ukuhlolwa kwamapulazi e-hydroponic.
UTrevor Suslow, ongumeluleki kanye noprofesa osafufusa wesayensi yezitshalo eNyuvesi yaseCalifornia, eDavis, unxuse abalimi be-hydroponic ukuthi balandele imihlahlandlela yale nhlangano, ehlanganisa izincomo zokukhucululwa kwendle okufanele kanye nokuvikela amanzi ahlanzekile.
“Suka lapho, 'Ikhulele endlini, abukho ubungozi,'” kusho yena. "Lokho akubonakali kuwukuthumela imiyalezo ethembekile."
Umthombo: https://www.nytimes.com