I-Kazakhstan iyizwe elinamazwe amakhulu, kodwa imboni yayo yokushisa ukushisa isaqala. Nakuba iNetherlands, enobukhulu bayo obuncane, ikwazi ukondla ingxenye yabantu bomhlaba ngokusebenzisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zobuchwepheshe obuphambili, iKazakhstan iyazabalaza ukuhambisana nayo. I-13th International Exhibition "Izindawo Zokushisa. I-Horticulture. Ukunisela. Izivundisi. Izimbali” e-Almaty zahlanganisa ochwepheshe ukuze baxoxe ngesimo samanje nesesikhathi esizayo somkhakha obamba ukushisa eKazakhstan.
Ngokusho kwedatha yakamuva evela ku-Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO), ukukhiqizwa kwemifino yaseKazakhstan ngomuntu ngamunye kusephansi uma kuqhathaniswa, no-147.9 kg kuphela/umuntu/unyaka uma kuqhathaniswa nesilinganiso somhlaba wonke esingu-198.6 kg/umuntu/ngonyaka. Lokhu ngokwengxenye kungenxa yokusetshenziswa okulinganiselwe kobuchwepheshe obuphambili, okuhlanganisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu, ezingakhuphula ukukhiqizwa futhi zithuthukise ikhwalithi yezitshalo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuntuleka kokuxhaswa ngezimali kwemiklamo ye-greenhouse kube yisithiyo esikhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwemboni. Kodwa-ke, uhulumeni usanda kumemezela izinhlelo zokwaba imali yokuxhasa amabhizinisi abamba ukushisa kuleli. UMnyango Wezolimo uthembise ukuhlinzeka ngoxhaso lokwakhiwa kwezindlu ezintsha zokushisa, kanye nokunciphisa intela kubalimi be-greenhouse.
Amandla ezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu eKazakhstan makhulu kakhulu. Ngokusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe, obufana ne-hydroponics kanye ne-aeroponics, abalimi bangakwazi ukwandisa kakhulu isivuno sabo sezitshalo ngenkathi benciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi futhi banciphise umthelela emvelweni. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu zinganweba isikhathi sokukhula, zivumele abalimi ukuthi bakhiqize imifino emisha unyaka wonke, ngisho nasezimweni zezulu ezinzima.
Nakuba imboni ye-greenhouse e-Kazakhstan isesigabeni sayo sokuqala, maningi amathuba okukhula nokuthuthuka. Izinhlelo zikahulumeni zakamuva zokweseka amabhizinisi abamba ukushisa, kuhlangene nokusetshenziswa kobuchwepheshe obuphambili, kungakhuphula kakhulu ukukhiqizwa kwemifino kuleli, kuthuthukiswe ukutholakala kokudla kanye nokuba negalelo emnothweni wezwe.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo waseRiphabhulikhi yaseKazakhstan, indawo ephelele yezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezweni ingamahektha ayi-2,356, enomthamo wokukhiqiza wamathani angama-84,000 emifino. Iningi lezindawo zokugcina izithombo zitholakala ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezwe, njenge-Almaty, iZhambyl, naseNingizimu Kazakhstan. Kodwa-ke, iningi lalezi zindawo zokugcina izithombo zakhiwe kusetshenziswa izinto ezisezingeni eliphansi, njengefilimu yepulasitiki, ezenza zibe sengozini yesimo sezulu esibi.
Enye yezinselelo eziyinhloko ezibhekene nemboni yokushisa ukushisa eKazakhstan izindleko eziphakeme zokwakha. Izinto eziningi ezisetshenziswa ekwakhiweni kwe-greenhouse zingeniswa kwamanye amazwe, okwenza zibize ngenxa yezindleko zokuthutha kanye nokushintshashintsha kwemali. Ukwengeza, abalimi abaningi ezweni abanabo ubuchwepheshe obudingekayo kanye nezinsiza zokwakha nokugcina izindawo zokugcina izithombo zesimanje, ezinobuchwepheshe obuphezulu ezingamelana nezimo zezulu ezimbi kakhulu.
Enye inselelo ukushoda kwabasebenzi abanamakhono kulo mkhakha. Intsha eningi eKazakhstan ayinasithakazelo ekusebenzeni kwezolimo, okuye kwaholela ekusweleni kwezisebenzi zamapulazi abamba ukushisa. Ukwengeza, imizamo kahulumeni yokuheha abasebenzi bakwamanye amazwe ayizange ibe yimpumelelo ngenxa yezithiyo zeziphathimandla kanye nemingcele yolimi.
Naphezu kwalezi zinselelo, iKazakhstan inamandla amakhulu okuthuthukiswa komkhakha we-greenhouse. Izwe linendawo enkulu yomhlaba, engasetshenziselwa ukwakha izindawo zokuhlala zesimanje. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izimo zezulu ezikahle ezindaweni eziseningizimu yezwe zenza kube nokwenzeka ukutshala izilimo ezihlukahlukene unyaka wonke.
Uhulumeni waseKazakhstan ukubonile ukubaluleka komkhakha we-greenhouse futhi uthathe izinyathelo zokusekela intuthuko yawo. Ngo-2021, uMnyango Wezolimo wamemezela uhlelo lokwandisa indawo yezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezweni ibe amahektha angu-5,000 2025 ngo-XNUMX. Ukwengeza, uhulumeni ubeke izimali zokwakhiwa kwamapulazi esimanjemanje kanye nokuqeqeshwa kwabalimi kubuchwepheshe besimanje be-greenhouse.
Ukulima kwe-greenhouse eKazakhstan kubhekene nezinselelo ezahlukahlukene, enye yazo uxhaso. Yize uhulumeni enezinhlelo zokuhlinzeka ngezimali eziguquguqukayo zomsebenzi wasentwasahlobo, isabelomali esikhishiwe singase singazihlanganisi izindleko zokutshala i-greenhouse. Ngaphezu kwalokho, abalimi kufanele babhekane nezindleko eziphakeme zikagesi, igesi namalahle. Ukuze kubhekwane nalezi zinkinga, uhulumeni ugunyaze izinhlelo zokuxhasa izindleko ezifika ku-50% zikagesi negesi. Izindlela zomxhaso zisaxoxwa, kodwa izinketho zihlanganisa ukusebenzisa amamitha noma ukuxhasa ihektha ngalinye le-greenhouse. Inani lomxhaso lizoncika ohlotsheni lobuchwepheshe obusetshenziswayo, lapho izakhiwo zezimboni ezibamba ukushisa zithola uxhaso oluphakeme kakhulu.
Ngokwezingxoxo zakamuva eMnyangweni WezoLimo kanye neqembu elisebenzayo, izinga elikhona lokuxhaswa ngezimali kwemiklamo yokutshala i-greenhouse alanele, futhi kunezinhlelo zokwenyusa amanani omxhaso ukusuka ku-25% kuya ku-30%. Nakuba uhulumeni ethatha izinyathelo zokusekela ukulima kwe-greenhouse, kusenezinselele okufanele zilungiswe ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukusebenza kahle kanye nokwenza inzuzo yalo mkhakha e-Kazakhstan.