Ngokwesibikezelo se-UN, ngonyaka wezi-2050 ama-68% abantu emhlabeni azobe esehlala emadolobheni. Lokhu kusho ukuthi sizokwehla isibalo sabantu abazimisele ukuzibandakanya nezolimo. Kodwa kukhona indlela yokuphuma: ubuchwepheshe besimanje bukuvumela ukuthi ukhule amajikijolo, imifino, amakhambi namakhowe noma yikuphi - ngisho nasemiseleni yesitimela eshiywe dengwane nasophahleni lwezakhiwo eziphakeme. I-Plus-one.ru - mayelana nokuthi ezolimo zasemadolobheni zithuthuka kanjani.
Amapulazi edolobha afana nemitapo yolwazi futhi akuvumela ukuthi ubeke inani eliphakeme lezithombo endaweni encane.
Ukulima okuqondile
Amapulazi edolobha aqondile ayizimboni ezizenzakalelayo ze-agro-industrial. Imibhede ihlelwe kuma-racks akhethekile, ngakho ipulazi lithatha indawo encane. Ingafakwa kokubili ngaphandle nangaphakathi.
Amapulazi edolobha aklanyelwe ukukhiqiza unyaka wonke. Abanikazi bazo akufanele besabe ukuthi isilimo sizodliwa yizinambuzane noma ukuthi ngenxa yokuntula ukuchelela izithelo zizobaba. Zonke izinqubo ezibalulekile zilawulwa uhlelo lokulawula okuzenzakalelayo. Izinzwa zihlola isimo sezitshalo nomhlabathi, isoftware inesibopho sokugcina izinga lokushisa elilungile, ukukhanyisa, ukungena komoya kanye nokunisela okuvamile, kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa bubikezela isivuno.
Izitshalo epulazini ledolobha empeleni azidingi inhlabathi: zithola konke ezikudingayo esixazululweni sezakhi esiya ezimpandeni. Ngasikhathi sinye, uhlelo lwempande lungatholakala ku-substrate, ngokwesibonelo, ngobumba olwandisiwe, i-coconut fiber, i-peat, noma imane ilenga emoyeni. Izitshalo eziningi zingatshalwa ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zasemadolobheni: imifino, ulethisi, upelepele wensimbi nopelepele, ama-eggplant, ama-strawberries. Utamatisi namakhukhamba kunzima kakhulu ukuhlakulela - kuthatha indawo enkulu. Futhi izitshalo zezimpande, njengamazambane noma izaqathi, azikhuli nhlobo emapulazini asedolobheni.
Kubathengi besimanje, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zasemadolobheni seziphenduke indlela yokuthola imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo “kusukela engadini”
Amathrendi Okukhula Kwemakethe Yepulazi Ledolobha
Elinye lamapulazi okuqala emakethe amile avele eSingapore ngo-2012. Indawo yalesi siqhingi esinabantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-5.5 ingamakhilomitha-skwele angu-733 kuphela, cishe izikhathi ezintathu ezincane kuneMoscow (kucatshangelwa i-New Moscow), eziningi kangaka. —imibhede enezitezi yasheshe yaduma lapho.
Ezolimo zasemadolobheni zithuthuka ngokukhuthele kwamanye amazwe omhlaba. Ngakho-ke, ulethisi nemifino kutshalwa ezindaweni ezingaphansi komhlaba eLondon, futhi amakhowe atshalwa emagatsheni alahliwe omgwaqo ongaphansi komhlaba. Ipulazi elikhulu ledolobha laseRussia lakhiwa eYekaterinburg yi-Agrotechnopharm. Ngaphezu kwamathani angama-95 ama-strawberries ngonyaka azotshalwa endaweni engaba ngamamitha-skwele ayinkulungwane. m. Ngo-1, inkampani ihlela ukwakha amanye amapulazi anjalo angama-2027 emadolobheni ahlukene aseRussia.
Kubathengi banamuhla, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zasemadolobheni seziphenduke indlela yokuthola "iqonde ngqo engadini" imikhiqizo enobungani bemvelo ekhuliswe ngaphandle kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezivimbelakuvunda. Ngokwesibikezelo senkampani yaseMelika yokubonisana iGrand View Research, ngo-2028 imakethe yomhlaba wonke yamapulazi edolobha izofinyelela ku- $ 21.15 billion kanye nokunyuka konyaka ngama-23.6%.
Ukwanda kwesidingo kuzokwenziwa lula hhayi kuphela isithakazelo ekudleni okuphilayo, kodwa futhi nokufudumala kwembulunga yonke. Izazi zezulu ezivela eFinland zikholelwa ukuthi isivuno sizokwehla ngo-30% ezifundeni zezolimo zomhlaba, futhi ezinye iziqephu zomhlaba ngeke zilungele ukutshala izitshalo nhlobo. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yaseRussia kukhona cishe amahektha ayizigidi eziyi-100 omhlaba ngaphansi kokugwaduleka, futhi indawo yaseSahara inyuke ngo-10% phakathi nekhulu leminyaka elidlule.
Amapulazi edolobha akhokha cishe ngokushesha okuphindwe kabili kunezindlu zokugcina izithombo zakudala
Ububi nezihibe
E-Russia, ukulima kwedolobha kuqala ukukhula, ngakho-ke amathuba okuhlangabezana nokuncintisana okuphezulu mancane. Kodwa ngaphambi kokuba uqale ukuhlela imibhede enezitezi eziningi, kufanelekile ukucabangela ama-nuances alandelayo:
Kudingeka ukutshalwa kwezimali okukhulu. Ukufakwa kokukhula kwama-microgreens ekhaya kubiza ama-ruble ayizinkulungwane eziyi-10-40, kanye nepulazi eliqondile elisetshenziselwa ukuhweba elinendawo engamamitha-skwele ayi-100-120. m - ruble ayizinkulungwane 700-800 . Kodwa izindleko azigcini lapho. Uhlelo ludla ugesi omningi futhi ludinga ukulungiswa njalo. Kuzodingeka futhi ukhokhele ukusebenzisa isofthiwe - cishe ama-ruble ayi-100 ngenyanga ngemitha yesikwele ngayinye "yemibhede".
Izinambuzane, ezifana nezinyosi, ziyadingeka ukuze kuthuthe impova kwezinye izitshalo. Uma uhlela ipulazi eduze nezakhiwo zokuhlala, udinga ukunakekela ukuthi andiza ngaphandle kwefasitela futhi ahlale kuvulandi womakhelwane.
Ukulima Ophahleni
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zasemadolobheni nazo ziyavela ophahleni lwezakhiwo eziphakeme emadolobheni amakhulu. Ngokwesibonelo, ipulazi elinendawo engamamitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingu-14 lavulwa ophahleni lwesikhungo sombukiso sasePorte de Versailles eParis. Imikhiqizo yayo isetshenziselwa ukupheka endaweni yokudlela yasendaweni. Izinhlobo ezingaphezu kuka-60 zezitshalo zikhula ophahleni lwesitolo esikhulu eBrussels, futhi inkampani yaseBrooklyn Grange ihlomise amapulazi edolobha ngendawo engamahektha angu-2.2 ophahleni lwaseNew York futhi minyaka yonke iqoqa amathani angaphezu kuka-44 emikhiqizo kuwo.
E-Russia, baqala ukusebenzisa uphahla lwezindlu ukuze bahlele umhlaba. Lo mkhuba uvame kakhulu eMoscow - utshani be-meadow, izimbali, izihlahlana ngisho nezihlahla zikhula lapha endaweni ephakeme yeso lenyoni. Izingadi ezinjalo azidingi ukuchelela - zinamanzi emvula anele. Mhlawumbe maduze amapulazi azovela ophahleni lwezindlu zaseRussia.
Ngo-2009, osomabhizinisi base-UK baqhamuke nombono wepulazi lamakhowe i-Grocery futhi baqala ukuqeqesha abantu kuleli bhizinisi.
Ipulazi lamakhowe
Amakhowe ayindlela engcono kakhulu yokulima emadolobheni: awadingi ukushisa nokukhanya okuningi, okusho ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kukagesi kuzoba kuncane. Cishe noma yiliphi igumbi lifanelekile, kuhlanganise nezindawo zokupaka ezilahliwe, izindawo zokugcina izimpahla, izindawo zokukhosela ngamabhomu, amagumbi angaphansi. Ngakho-ke, inkampani ye-Grocery yase-UK itshala amakhowe oyster esitezi sesithathu sebhilidi elijwayelekile lamahhovisi ezikhwameni ezilengiswe emishayweni yensimbi. Izindawo zotshani nekhofi zisetshenziswa njengendawo engaphansi, lezo izisebenzi zegrosa ezizilanda ezitolo zekhofi zendawo masonto onke. Ekamelweni elingu-20 sq. M. m 75 kg amakhowe oyster akhula njalo ngesonto. Abalimi bayawaqoqa futhi bawahambise ngokushesha kumakhasimende.
Ukulima kwedolobha njengengxenye yokuthuthukiswa kwemvelo yasemadolobheni emqondweni wentuthuko esimeme
Ukukhula kwezitshalo emapulazini edolobha kusindisa izinsiza zemvelo. Ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwehlisiwe kwafinyelela ku-95%, futhi ukusetshenziswa komhlabathi kwehlisiwe kwafinyelela ku-99%. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndlela ayidingi ukwelashwa kwezitshalo ngezibulala-zinambuzane, ama-herbicides, ama-fungicides. Futhi ngenxa yendlela emfushane esuka "engadini eya ekhawunteni", i-carbon footprint yemikhiqizo iyancipha. Konke lokhu kusisondeza ekufezeni i-SDG 11 — “Ukuqinisekisa ukusimama kwemvelo kwamadolobha nezindawo zokuhlaliswa kwabantu”.
Amapulazi edolobha angasiza ekulweni nokugawulwa kwamahlathi emhlabeni. UProfesa Wezempilo yomphakathi kanye ne-microbiology e-Columbia University u-Dixon Despomier waphawula ukuthi uma abalimi bekhiqiza i-10% yokudla endaweni yasemadolobheni, lokhu kuzovumela unyaka ngamunye ukukhulula amakhilomitha-skwele ayizinkulungwane ezingu-34 zezindawo zokulima ukuze kutshalwe kabusha amahlathi.
Omunye umgomo wokutshala izingadi emadolobheni ukuqeda indlala. Kwamanye amazwe, okuhlanganisa nawase-Afrika, zimbalwa kakhulu izindawo ezifanele ukulima. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inani labantu emhlabeni liyaqhubeka nokwanda, kanye nenani labantu ababhekene nendlala. Ukuhlelwa kwamapulazi edolobha kungaxazulula le nkinga, futhi kudale imisebenzi eyengeziwe.
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