#Greenhouse #IrrigationSystems #Clogging #Agriculture #PlantGrowth #Production #WaterQuality #SystemMaintenance
Kubalimi kanye nabasebenzi bezolimo, ukugcina uhlelo lokunisela olusebenzayo nolusebenzayo kubalulekile ekukhuleni kwezitshalo okunempilo kanye nokukhiqiza okuphezulu. Nokho, ukuvala kungaletha inkinga evamile engase ibe nomthelela omubi ekusebenzeni kwesistimu nokuphumayo. Kulesi sihloko, sizohlola izinhlobo ezintathu zokuvala okungenzeka ezinhlelweni zokunisela ezibamba ukushisa futhi sinikeze izixazululo ezisebenzayo zokuzilawula.
Ngokuka-Rosa E. Raudales, uprofesa osizayo we-horticulture kanye nochwepheshe be-greenhouse extension e-University of Connecticut, abalimi kufanele baqaphele izinhlobo ezintathu zokuvala: ngokomzimba, eziphilayo, namakhemikhali. Ukuvinjelwa ngokomzimba kuhilela izinhlayiya eziqinile ezivimba uhlelo lokunisela, okungenzeka lapho amanzi ejikeleza kabusha noma kusetshenziswa amanzi echibi njengomthombo wamanzi. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, ukuvinjelwa kwezinto eziphilayo kwenzeka lapho i-biofilm, eyaziwa ngokuthi i-lime, inqwabelana emapayipini futhi ibambezela noma imise ukugeleza kwamanzi. Lolu hlobo lokuvala lubonakala ngombala onsundu ngokuluhlaza we-biofilm.
Ukuvinjelwa kwamakhemikhali, okuwuhlobo lwesithathu, kwenzeka lapho amaminerali namakhemikhali emanzini ehlangana futhi enze amadiphozithi anganqwabelana futhi avimbe uhlelo lokunisela. Abalimi bangakwazi ukubona lolu hlobo lokuvala ngokuhlola isihlungi sesistimu yokuchelela ukuze bathole amadiphozithi.
Ukuze kuvinjelwe ukuvinjelwa, abalimi bangasebenzisa amasu ahlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa ukuqapha izinga lamanzi, ukugezwa kwesistimu evamile, nokusebenzisa izihlungi ezifanele. Ukwengeza, ukukhetha umthombo wamanzi ofanele, ukusebenzisa amanzi ahlanzekile, nokugcina kahle uhlelo lokunisela kungahamba ibanga elide ekuvimbeleni ukuvaleka.
Ukuqonda izinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvala i-greenhouse irrigation systems kubalulekile kubalimi nabasebenzi bezolimo ukuze balondoloze ukukhula nokukhiqiza kwezitshalo ngendlela efanele. Ngokuhlonza imbangela ethile kanye nokusebenzisa izinyathelo ezifanele zokuvimbela kanye nokugcinwa, abalimi bangakwazi ukuphatha ngempumelelo futhi bavimbele ukuvinjelwa ezinhlelweni zabo zokunisela.
Kunezinhlobo ezintathu zokuvala: okungokomzimba, kwebhayoloji, namakhemikhali, ngayinye inezinselele zayo ezihlukile. Nakuba ukuvala umzimba kulula kakhulu ukubhekana nakho, ukuvinjelwa kwezinto eziphilayo namakhemikhali kudinga umzamo obaluleke kakhulu wokulwa. Ukuvimbela ama-clogs ukuthi angenzeki, abalimi kufanele baqaphele izimpawu ezihlukene zokuvala futhi bathathe izinyathelo zokuzigwema. Lokhu kubandakanya ukuhlola ukuhlinzekwa kwamanzi, ukwelapha kwamakhemikhali ngethamo eliphansi okuqhubekayo, kanye nokufaka amasistimu okuhlunga amanzi.
Ngokuka-Rosa Raudales, umsizi kaprofesa kanye nochwepheshe bezandiso ku-greenhouse and nursery engineering e-University of Connecticut, ukuvala umzimba kuwuhlobo olulula lokuvala ukuyelapha. Lokhu kuhilela ukufutha impahla evala ipayipi usebenzisa ukucindezela, okungaba ukulungisa okulula kubalimi. Kodwa-ke, ukuvinjelwa kwezinto eziphilayo okubangelwa amagciwane nolwelwe, nokuvinjelwa kwamakhemikhali okubangelwa izinto ezifana nensimbi, i-calcium, ne-manganese ezakheka ohlelweni, kuyinselele kakhulu ukubhekana nakho.
Ukuze kuvinjwe i-biological, abalimi banamasu ambalwa okwelapha abangakhetha kuwo, njengokushintsha ama-emitter avaliwe bafake ahlanzekile kanye nokugeza abavalekile. Ukwelashwa ngamakhemikhali nakho kuyinketho, kodwa amagciwane angakhula ukumelana nawo ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Ukuvala amakhemikhali kudinga ukusebenzisa ukuhlushwa okukhulu kwamakhemikhali nokuvala umugqa, okungenziwa nge-greenhouse engenalutho.
Ukuze ulwe nokuvinjelwa ngokuphumelelayo, abalimi kufanele baqaphele izimpawu ezihlukene zokuvala, njengezitshalo ezibunile, izinsalela zamapayipi, nezitshalo ezomile. Ukuhlola ukutholakala kwamanzi e-greenhouse, ukwelashwa kwamakhemikhali okuqhubekayo ngethamo eliphansi, kanye nokufaka isistimu yokuhlunga amanzi konke kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukuvinjelwa ukuba kwenzeke.
Ukuvimbela ama-clog esistimu yokunisela kudinga indlela esebenzayo kanye nokuqwashisa ngezinhlobo ezahlukene zokuvala kanye nezinselele zazo eziyingqayizivele. Ngokusebenzisa izinqubo ezingcono kakhulu ezifana nokwelashwa kwamakhemikhali ngethamo eliphansi okuqhubekayo kanye nokufaka amasistimu okuhlunga amanzi, abalimi bangavimbela ama-clogs ukuthi angenzeki futhi bagweme inqubo enzima yokusebenza yokuvula izinhlelo zokunisela.