Njengoba intwasahlobo iphenduka ihlobo, abalimi be-greenhouse ezweni lonke sebeqala ukulungiselela izinsuku ezinde, ezifudumele nezinomswakama. Baqala ukulungisa isimo sabo sezulu futhi baqalise kabusha amasistimu osekuphele izinyanga engenzi lutho. Lokhu kushintshela esimweni sezulu esibi kakhulu sasehlobo kungaba inselele yangempela kanye nethuba elihle kubalimi abaningi.
Kulesi sihloko, sizoxoxa ngezinguquko ezintathu ezinkulu ezilethwa yihlobo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo (ukukhanya okwengeziwe, amazinga okushisa aphakeme, nomswakama ophakeme) nokuthi yini abalimi abangayenza ukuze banciphise noma yimiphi imithelela emibi futhi balondoloze isimo sezulu esizinzile. Futhi sizokwabelana ngamathiphu okuthi ungawandisa kanjani umkhiqizo we-greenhouse yakho ezinyangeni zasehlobo.
I-Light Intensity/Photoperiod (DLI)
Ukuqala kwehlobo kukhiqiza ushintsho lokukhanya kubalimi be-greenhouse, ikakhulukazi ama-photoperiods amade (owaziwa nangokuthi ama-daylengths) kanye nokuqina kokukhanya, kokubili okwengeza ekukhanyeni kwansuku zonke (i-DLI). Izinga lokukhula kwezitshalo ngokushesha livela ngaphansi kwe-DLI ephezulu; Nokho, ukwanda kokucindezeleka kwezitshalo kuyakhathaza. Ngokwesibonelo, ikhanda ulethisi ikhula kahle kakhulu ngaphansi kwe-DLI engu-17 mol·m-2· S-1, kodwa lapho i-DLI efanele yeqiwa, izitshalo zingakhula ngokushesha kakhulu, okuholela ekushiseni kwe-tipburn (ukuphazamiseka kokuphila okubangela ukuntuleka kwe-calcium kanye necrosis/ukuhlanekezeka kwamaqabunga amancane).
Ukwengeza, sonke isitshalo sinomkhawulo wokukhanya okuhambisana nokuzuzwa kwe-photosynthetic, futhi ngale kwalo mngcele, ukukhanya okwandayo akunawo umthelela noma imiphumela emibi ku-photosynthesis. Ngakho-ke, ezinyangeni zasehlobo kubalulekile ukuthi kokubili kube nezilinganiso ezinembile zokukhanya ku-greenhouse ngaso sonke isikhathi futhi uqonde amathuluzi onawo okulawula inani lokukhanya okufinyelela isitshalo sakho, ukuze ugweme imiphumela emibi engase ibe khona ukukhanya okuningi.
Njengomlimi we-greenhouse, unamathuluzi ambalwa kukhithi yakho ukunciphisa ukukhanya okungenayo. Izindwangu zomthunzi ziphakathi kwezinto ezivame kakhulu kulo lonke imboni. Afika emazingeni ahlukahlukene okudlulisa (ukuqina), kanye ne-opaque (ukulawula isikhathi sesithombe). Uma indwangu yakho yomthunzi inenjini, qiniseka ukuthi izinjini zakho ziyasebenza ngaphambi kokuqala kwehlobo.
Ngaphezu kwezindwangu zomthunzi, upende womthunzi we-latex ungenye ithuluzi elivamile lokunciphisa ukunciphisa ukukhanya okungenayo. Ingafuthwa ekuqaleni kwehlobo futhi igezwe ekugcineni. Uma usetshenziswa mathupha, qiniseka ukuthi uhlola isimo sakho sezulu, njengoba isikhathi sizokongela imali. Ukufaka isicelo kusenesikhathi noma kuminyene kakhulu kuzonciphisa ukukhanya okutholakalayo, ngaleyo ndlela kubambezele ukukhula kwezitshalo. Izilinganiso zokukhanya ezinembile kanye nokuqonda ngebhayoloji yesitshalo sakho kuzokutshela ukuthi uwusebenzise nini umthunzi. Isu elisebenzayo lomthunzi ezinyangeni zasehlobo libalulekile ekugcineni isitshalo sakho sinempilo, siqinile, futhi singenaso ingcindezi.
Futhi, njengoba ukukhanya kwanda, kanjalo nokusetshenziswa kwamanzi kwesitshalo. Zilungiselele ukulungisa imijikelezo yakho yokunisela. Ungase futhi udinge ukulungisa iresiphi yakho kamanyolo. Isilinganiso samanzi nezakhamzimba esithathwa yisitshalo siyakhula njengoba ukukhanya kukhula, ngakho-ke ungase udinge ukunciphisa isixazululo sakho sezakhi EC (i-electrical conductivity) ukuze ugcine indawo yezimpande ezinzile EC.
Temperature
Ukwenyuka kokukhanya kanye ne-photoperiod inokuxhumana okuqondile nezinga lokushisa ku-greenhouse yakho. Ngokufanayo nokukhanya okwandayo, izinga lokushisa elikhulayo lingaba nemiphumela emihle ekukhuleni kwezitshalo (ukusheshisa izinga lokukhula), kodwa futhi nokubi okumbalwa. Amazinga okushisa aphezulu ahambisana nokuhluma kwembewu okuncishisiwe ezitshalweni eziningi, ukubopha ngaphambi kwesikhathi ku-ulethisi, ukunciphisa ukukhula kwezimbali kuma-strawberry, kanye nezithelo ezincishisiwe ezibekwe kuma-strawberry, upelepele, notamatisi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izilokazane eziningi zezinambuzane zinesikhathi sokuzala esisheshayo emazingeni okushisa afudumele, adinga ukusetshenziswa kaningi kokulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezihlangene (IPM).
Uma kungaphathwa kahle, ukushisa kwehlobo kuzobiza imali yakho ye-greenhouse. Ngaphambi kokuthi kufike ihlobo, qiniseka ukuthi amasistimu akho okupholisa akhona futhi ayasebenza. Ukungenisa umoya okungenasici futhi okusebenzayo okugqunywe ebusika kufanele kungabi nezithiyo. Izifeni ze-exhaust zizosebenza amahora amade futhi kufanele zihlolwe ukuqondanisa okufanele, ukusebenza kahle, futhi zigcotshwe uma kunesidingo.
Izinto ezipholile ezihwamukayo nezipholile ezinengcindezi (ixhaphozi) kufanele zihlolwe ukuthi azivuzi yini. Uma engakhishelwanga kahle ekwindla, kungenzeka ukuthi amapayipi abe yiqhwa futhi aqhekekile. Uma usebenzisa isistimu yokupholisa inkungu, imibhobho kumele ihlolwe futhi ihlanzwe izithiyo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi uma kufika ukushisa, usulungile. Ukugcina i-greenhouse yakho isezingeni elifanele lokushisa ezinyangeni zasehlobo kuyadingeka kakhulu ekukhuleni kwezitshalo okunempilo kanye nempilo nokuphepha kwabasebenzi bakho be-greenhouse.
Umswakama ohlobene
Ukukhanya okwenyukayo ezinyangeni zasehlobo akulethi nje kuphela izinga lokushisa elifudumele kodwa futhi nomswakama owandayo. Nakuba abalimi abaningi sebevele beqaphe umswakama ohlobene, lokhu kubala kuphela umhwamuko wamanzi osemoyeni okwamanje hhayi ukuthi ungabamba ongakanani. Njengoba okuhlosiwe kokugcwaliswa kwamanzi emoyeni kuhluka njengokusebenza kwezinga lokushisa, umswakama ohlobene awusona isibikezelo esingcono kakhulu sokuphefumula kwesitshalo nokulahlekelwa kwamanzi. Ukushoda komfutho we-vapor (i-VPD), ngakolunye uhlangothi, umehluko phakathi kwenani lomswakamo osemoyeni nokuthi ungabamba ongakanani ekugcwaleni.
Lokhu kwenza i-VPD ibe isibikezelo esiwusizo kakhulu ku-greenhouse. Amazinga okushisa asehlobo ashisayo angase azizwe enomswakama, kodwa umoya ofudumele unamandla amakhulu okubamba amanzi ngaphambi kokujiya phezu kwamaqabunga abambezelekayo. Ngakho-ke, amazinga omswakama we-substrate, adinga ukugadwa ukuze kugwenywe ukucindezeleka kwamanzi. Uma ishejuli yakho yokunisela ikwisibali sikhathi, kungase kudingeke ukuthi ilungiswe ukuze isizini eshintshayo.
Ukusiza ukunciphisa umswakama ophezulu ohlobene (i-VPD ephansi), bheka ukunciphisa noma yimaphi amanzi angaphandle alethwa ku-greenhouse. Ukuhwamuka kwamanzi asuka endaweni ebamba ukushisa, amathangi okubamba, ama-root substrates, nezinye izindawo, kanye nokuphefumula, konke kunezela kumswakama osendaweni ebamba ukushisa. Emazingeni aphezulu omswakama (i-VPD ephansi), amagciwane afana ne-botrytis (isikhunta esimpunga) kanye ne-powdery mildew ayathandwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukugula okuhlukahlukene ngokomzimba okufana ne-tipburn ku-ulethisi kanye nokubola kokuphela kwezimbali kutamatisi kusengozini ezindaweni ezinomswakama.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamafeni okugeleza komoya avundlile noma aqondile kuthuthukisa umswakama we-microclimate/VPD futhi kunciphisa ukuzwela ukuphazamiseka komzimba noma izifo. Ukwengeza, ukushintshana komoya okuqhubekayo noma okuvamile ku-greenhouse kungase kudingeke ukuze kukhululwe umswakama ophezulu ohlobene ngokufaka umoya ongenzi lutho noma osebenzayo. Futhi, uma amasistimu e-misting esetshenziselwa ukupholisa, qiniseka ukuthi asebenza kuphela lapho izitshalo zinesikhathi esanele sokumisa ngaphambi kokuba kuhlwe lapho umswakama ongaphandle ukhuphuka.
Nakuba lezi zinguquko zesimo sezulu sasehlobo ziletha izinselelo eziningi okufanele zinqotshwe, zingase futhi zidale amathuba amaningi okwanda kokukhiqiza nemali engenayo. Amazinga okushisa afudumele ku-greenhouse angakuvumela ukuthi ukhule izitshalo ezithanda ukushisa njenge-basil ongase ungakwazi ukuyikhula ngezinye izikhathi. Izinsuku ezinde nokukhanya okwengeziwe kunganciphisa kakhulu imijikelezo yokukhula kwezitshalo eziningi, okuzokuvumela ukuthi uvune futhi udayise umkhiqizo omningi ngokushesha. Isimo sezulu esishisayo siphinde sikhiphele abantu ngaphandle, okuholela ekwandeni kwesidingo sezitshalo zokulala nezokutshala. Ukwengeza, izindawo zokudlela, amashalofu akhiqiza ezitolo zokudla, kanye nezimakethe zabalimi bonke babona ukwanda komsebenzi ehlobo, okudala isidingo esikhulu somkhiqizo omusha.
Kuphoqelekile ukuthi abalimi balungiselele i-greenhouse yabo ezinyangeni ezizayo zasehlobo, hhayi nje ukunciphisa imiphumela emibi yesimo sezulu esibi kakhulu, kodwa futhi balungiselele izinguquko ekukhiqizeni nasekuthengiseni, ukuze bangaphuthelwa noma iyiphi imali engenayo.