#GlobalFoodSystem #FertilizerCrisis #Sustainability #Equity #AgroecologicalTechnologies #FoodSecurity #SmallholderFarmers #EnvironmentalImpact #ClimateChange #TransformingAgriculture
Uhlelo lokudla emhlabeni wonke lukhungethwe imikhuba engalawuleki, ukungalingani, nokulimala kwemvelo. Ukwenyuka kwamanani entengo kamanyolo amakhemikhali kwandisa lezi zinselelo, kuthinta abalimi abancane futhi kusongela ukutholakala kokudla. Lesi sihloko sihlola imiphumela yenkinga kamanyolo, sigqamisa isidingo sobunye ubuchwepheshe bezolimo nemvelo, futhi sigcizelela ukubaluleka kokuguqula uhlelo lokudla lomhlaba wonke ukuze kube nekusasa elisimeme nelinokulingana.
Uhlelo lokudla emhlabeni wonke ludinga kakhulu uguquko. Izinkampani zamazwe ngamazwe ziphethe uhlelo, zithuthukisa ukukhiqizwa nokusetshenziswa okungalawuleki kuyilapho zikhiqiza udoti omkhulu kuzo zonke izigaba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lesi simiso esiphukile sinomthelela ekukhishweni kwesisi esikhulu esibamba ukushisa futhi sincisha abalimi abancane indlela yokuziphilisa evikelekile. Umphumela omubi kakhulu ukuphikelela kwendlala enkulu emhlabeni wonke.
Enye inselele enkulu ohlelweni lokudla ukushoda kukamanyolo emhlabeni wonke. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, amanani entengo kamanyolo anyukile ngenxa yezinto ezihlukahlukene, njengokukhuphuka kwezindleko zegesi yemvelo kanye nezingxabano zezwe. Kodwa-ke, sekucacile ukuthi izinkampani zisebenzise leli thuba ukuze zithole inzuzo ephezulu. Izinzuzo zezinkampani zikamanyolo ezinkulu emhlabeni ziye zaphindeka kabili futhi zaphindeka kathathu eminyakeni embalwa nje, kuyilapho abalimi abancane bedonsa kanzima ukuthola umanyolo.
Amanani aphezulu kamanyolo aholele ekwehleni kokusetshenziswa kwabalimi abancane, kwaba nomthelela omubi esivunweni sezitshalo kanye nokuvikeleka kokudla kwasekhaya. Lesi simo sibangele izexwayiso ezivela kuNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene, ezithi inkinga yokungakwazi ukuthenga ingase ibe inkinga yokutholakala, iphazamise amaketanga okunikezwa kokudla emhlabeni wonke.
Ukuze kuncishiswe inkinga kamanyolo, abanye ohulumeni baye banyusa uxhaso lwabalimi, kanti abanye basebenzise izindlela zokukhuthaza ukukhiqizwa kukamanyolo wasekhaya. Nokho, ukusetshenziswa kukamanyolo wamakhemikhali kuza nezakho izinkinga zemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukukhishwa kwamagesi abamba ukushisa, ukuwohloka kwenhlabathi, ukuwohloka kwe-ozone, ukulahleka kwezinhlobonhlobo zezinto eziphilayo kanye nokungcoliswa komoya. Izimpendulo zamadolo ezibeka phambili ukukwazi ukukhokhela isikhathi esifushane ngaphezu kokusimama kwesikhathi eside kufanele zigwenywe.
Kunalokho, ohulumeni kufanele bacabangele ukuxhasa ngezimali obunye ubuchwepheshe be-agroecology obukhuthaza izindlela zokulima ezisimeme. Lezi zindlela ezihlukile zihlanganisa ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo, umanyolo wemvelo, nezibulala-zinambuzane, ezinganciphisa ukuthembela kumanyolo wamakhemikhali kuyilapho kugcina isivuno esiphezulu. Lobu buchwepheshe vele bukhona futhi bunikeza izixazululo ezingaba khona enkingeni yamanje.
Nakuba ukushintshela ezindleleni ze-agroecology kufanele kwenziwe ngokucophelela, ubufakazi buphakamisa ukuthi zingakhuphula kakhulu umkhiqizo kanye nekhwalithi yomhlabathi. Ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangasese kanye nosizo lwangaphandle kufanele luqondiswe kabusha ekusekeleni ukulima kwe-agroecological, kunokuqhubeka nokukhuthaza umanyolo wamakhemikhali. Ngeshwa, izinhlangano ezifana ne-Alliance for a Green Revolution in Africa (AGRA) ziyaqhubeka nokugqugquzela ukwanda kokusetshenziswa komanyolo wamakhemikhali, naphezu kocwaningo oluzimele lukungabaza ukusebenza kahle kwawo kanye nomthelela omubi kubalimi abancane.
Uguquko ohlelweni lokudla emhlabeni wonke, ikakhulukazi izimakethe zezolimo nezitshalo, lubalulekile ukuze kubhekwane nezinselelo zemvelo esibhekana nazo futhi kuncishiswe imithelela yokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. Ngokunciphisa ukuthembela kwethu kumanyolo wamakhemikhali kanye nokukhuthaza izinqubo ezizinzile, inkinga yamanje yokudla ingaba yithuba loshintsho oluhle. Ushintsho olunjalo luyoba negalelo ekusaseni elizinzile nelinokulingana, okuhlomulisa abalimi abancane kanye neplanethi.