Uma kubonakala kuwe ukuthi ezinsukwini zamuva izintengo zamakhukhamba eSt. Petersburg ziye zafinyelela ekuphakameni kwezinkanyezi, ngakho-ke akuzange kubonakale kuwe: intengo evamile yezitshalo zemifino e-Haymarket isukela ku-400 kuya ku-500 ruble ngekhilogremu ngayinye. Ezitolo, ukuze amakhasimende angaquleki ngenxa yokwethuka, adayiswa iziqephu. “Fontanka” wagijima ezitolo wathola ukuthi kwenzakalani.
"Abantu abanamali"
Akukho iphunga lokuchichima kwamakhukhamba e-Haymarket - abathengisi abanikeza imifino ebamba ukushisa bangabalwa eminwe yesandla esisodwa ngenxa yobuningi babadayisi. Kodwa ngisho nalabo abaye balokotha bathengise ukhukhamba, kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela ezitholakalayo: kungaba ubude obushelelezi noma obufushane. Zombili zinenani elifanayo - iphupho elibi.
Ephakamisa ishiya ngendlela ekhangayo, umdayisi uvuma ngekhanda umkhiqizo wakhe - ukhukhamba amafushane anezinduna ngama-ruble angu-450, ngisho nama-inflorescences akakabi naso isikhathi sokudilika.
“Ukhukhamba unjalo nje. Manje sezimbalwa zazo, ngakho kuyabiza, kuyimakethe. Lapho kuzoba nokudiliva okuningi, kuzobe kushibhile. Emasontweni amabili, cishe, bazovela, ”kuchaza umdayisi ngejezi elibomvu.
Esitolo esibhekene nayo kunendlala ebukeka sengathi iyadla, ethambile, enesikhumba esiphaphathekile esigulayo. Ngosuku lwemakethe, abantu abanjalo bayophonswa emgodini onama-slops ngaphandle kokungabaza, kodwa namuhla bayinika ama-ruble angu-500. "I-Azerbaijani," umdayisi uthethelela intengo.
Awekho amathegi amanani ngokomthetho kumathreyi amaningi - ngokumelene nesizinda esijwayelekile sikatamatisi ku-80 kanye nama-eggplants ngama-ruble angu-100 ngekhilogremu ngayinye, ukhukhamba "wegolide" uzobukeka njengento ehlekisayo. “Amakhasimende ayasaba futhi asuke ahambe,” kuchaza owesifazane ongumdayisi ogqoke iphinifa elinamafutha.
“Intengo yabo yokuthenga esisekelweni ingama-ruble angama-420. Ngizithathe izolo - akekho ozithenge kimi. Abantu abanamali. Namuhla nginqume ukungazibandakanyi,” kuvuma amadevu esigqoko esilukiwe, wabheja amatangerine notamatisi.
Abadayisi ngeke behlise intengo yamakhukhamba ngisho nasebusuku bebheka. Umthetho othi “ukuze ubaleke futhi uphinde ubambe okungenani okuthile” awusebenzi namuhla. “Akunanzuzo kimina. Yebo, ngingamane ngibabuyisele ekhaya,” kusho umthengisi omnyama—obomvu egcekeni lase-Apraksin.
Isithombe esinjalo emakethe, abadayisi bathi, sihlala usuku lwesihlanu. Ngokuvamile ukhukhamba beza counter Russian kusukela Belarus, Azerbaijan, Krasnodar Territory, kodwa manje akukho ukungenisa.
Emaketangeni okuthengisa, ububanzi bubanzi, kodwa amanani azama ukufinyelela ibha yemakethe. Ku-"Crossroads", ukhukhamba olubushelelezi olunesikhumba olubushelelezi luthengiswa ngama-ruble angu-190 ngamagremu angu-600, ukhukhamba wezithelo eziphakathi nendawo ezinamaqhubu - angu-300. "Ku-Ribbon", ukhukhamba onama-pimpled, ahlanganiswe amagremu angu-300, anikeze ama-ruble angu-249, ane-skinny-fruited eside. lawo abiza ama-ruble angama-84 ucezu. Ku-"Magnet", ukulengiswa kwama-greenhouses amafushane anezithelo kunikezwa ngama-ruble angama-210 ngamagremu angama-450, ama-gherkins - kuma-ruble angama-230 ngamagremu angama-300.
Ivelaphi
Lapho izikhulu zaseRussia ziqala ukugoba iminwe yazo, zibala impumelelo yokushintshwa kwamanye amazwe, ukhukhamba aba phakathi kwezokuqala. Ngokusetshenziswa okuphelele kwamathani acishe abe yisigidi ngonyaka, ama-94% ayo, ilinganisela i-Institute of Agricultural Market Conjuncture (ICAR). Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukukhiqizwa kwamakhukhamba ngo-2022 kwaphula wonke amarekhodi angaphambilini - amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-885.7 (+ 5.3% uma kuqhathaniswa nonyaka odlule).
Izimpumelelo eziphezulu kangako ziholele emananini aphansi angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. I-Rosstat iqophe inani elilinganiselwe lama-ruble angu-66 ngekhilogremu eSt. Petersburg ekuqaleni kuka-September. Lokhu akuzange kwenzeke edolobheni lethu kusukela ngo-2017, lapho isilinganiso sama-ruble angu-62 sibuzwa ikhilogremu yamakhukhamba. Kusukela lapho ibibiza kakhulu. Ukuze uqhathanise: ngo-2021, ayizange iwe ngaphansi kuka-86. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngonyaka odlule iRussia yayingumthengisi ophawulekayo wamakhukhamba. Isibonelo, okungenani amathani angu-3,500 amakhukhamba athunyelwa ePoland (kuze kube ngu-Okthoba).
Kuyababa kakhulu manje ukubona isimo sepulazi lamakhukhamba, okuthi, ngokwezikhathi zamanje ezondliwe kahle, kungase kubonakale kuyinhlekelele kumuntu: emaketangeni amakhulu kakhulu okuthengisa, ikakhulukazi, bayeka ukuwathengisa. ngekhilogremu ngayinye - kungaba ngabanye noma ngamaphakheji angama-350-600 amagremu.
Ukubuka isikhathi eside kwamanani amakhukhamba kubonisa ukuthi ebusika abiza kakhulu, futhi izikhathi ezimbili noma ezintathu - lokhu kujwayelekile. Incazelo yezomnotho yalesi simo isobala - ukushoda. Abahwebi emakethe, abaphathi bezitolo, abaphathi, nabasabalalisi benhlangano bakhuluma ngakho ngamagama ahlukene.
Kungani emhlabeni umnotho we-greenhouse ukhombisa isikhathi sonyaka esingaka akucaci kahle, kodwa iqiniso lihlala likhona. Endaweni ethile ngo-Okthoba, njalo ngonyaka, ukhukhamba uphela ezweni lakithi - kungakhathaliseki ukuthi zingaki zazo ezikhulile ehlobo. Awekho amarekhodi okukhiqiza ama-greenhouses, njengoba sibona ngokucacile lowo nyaka, akunandaba lapha. Zivele zifike esiphethweni, futhi zonke - futhi zibushelelezi, futhi zinezinduna, ama-gherkins, nayo yonke into ngokujwayelekile. Ukukhula okungenakugwemeka kwehla njalo evikini lokuqala noma amabili kaJanuwari futhi futhi njalo futhi ngempela kuqhubekela phambili, njalo njalo kuze kube sekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ekuqaleni kukaMashi. Kubonakala sengathi ukulwa nalesi simo kufana nokulwa nokushintsha kwezinkathi zonyaka.
Kusukela ezikhathini zasendulo, ukushoda emakethe yasekhaya kuye kwanqotshwa ukungeniswa kwamanye amazwe. Ngokwemvelo futhi lapha. Kusukela ngo-Okthoba, ukungeniswa okubonakalayo kwamakhukhamba avela phesheya kwaqala ngobunono. Abahlinzeki abakhulu kunazo zonke yiBelarus, Azerbaijan, China, Turkey. I-Belarus ayibali, konke kufana ncamashi namakhukhamba lapho njengakithi. Kodwa izimpahla ezivela emazweni afudumele cishe ziphinda ngokoqobo ukugoba kwejika lentengo ezitolo zethu.
Kodwa-ke, njengoba sikhumbula, iRussia icishe yashintsha imboni yamakhukhamba ngokungenisa ngaphandle kwe-zero. Futhi ukungenisa kwethu akufinyelela ku-5% wesidingo, okusho ukuthi abakwazi ukubhekana nomsebenzi wabo njengomlawuli wamanani. Kukhona nje ukhukhamba okwanele waseShayina, i-Azerbaijani neTurkey, futhi abakwazi ukuthonya izifiso zomkhiqizi wasekhaya, okwandisa amanani ebusika ngokuphindaphindiwe. Kukhona, yiqiniso, incazelo yalokhu: kubiza kakhulu ukushisa nokukhanyisa izindawo zokugcina izithombo ebusika kunasehlobo. Ayisaphathwa eyokuthi ibiza malini eningizimu. Phela, izindleko ezijwayelekile zekhilogremu yamakhukhamba avela eChina yi-$ 1.64, evela e-Azerbaijan - 1.5, naseTurkey - 0.84. Akuwenzi umqondo ukuqhathanisa lokhu namanani ezitolo. Bakhiwa abantu abahluke ngokuphelele futhi ngezizathu ezihluke ngokuphelele.
Kusukela engadini kuya ekhawunteni
Ukhukhamba anikezwa amaketanga okudayisa St. Petersburg kanye nemifino izisekelo by ezolimo "Vyborzhets" - "umholi ekukhiqizeni imifino fresh namakhambi esifundeni North-Western," website esemthethweni yenkampani ithi.
- Ukhukhamba wethu ungena njalo emaketangeni okuthengisa, azikho izinkinga, konke kuhle kithi. Bheka isibonelo se-"Magnet", "Pyaterochka", "Dixie", "OK", "Tape". Bonke banomkhiqizo wabo, kunemikhiqizo yokukhiqiza kwethu nezinye izindawo zokugcina izithombo. Hlobo luni lwesivuno esiludubula nsuku zonke? Izinhlobo ezahlukene ngezindlela ezihlukene, angikwazi ukusho ngokushesha,” isevisi yokuthengisa yaseVyborg itshele uFontanka.
Futhi kungakhathaliseki ukuthi izinto ezinhle zihamba kanjani ku-greenhouse yaseVyborg, azikwazi ukugcwalisa imakethe yaseSt.
Esinye sezizathu ezingenzeka zokuwohloka okwenzeke emakethe yamakhukhamba eRussia kwachazwa omagazini bezimboni: bathi, isimo esishubile se-geopolitical global sishiye amapulazi abamba ukushisa eRussian Federation ngaphandle kwesikhwama sembewu. Ekuqaleni, babengafuni ukukhuluma noFontanka ngalokhu e-Institute of Agricultural Market Conjuncture, ebhekisela "ezintweni eziningi". Kodwa ekugcineni bavuma futhi basho izinto ezingaba yizimbangela ezintathu zokuwa.
- Mhlawumbe kunezinkinga nge-seed material, mhlawumbe ukungenisa okuhambisanayo kwakungalungile, mhlawumbe bayeka ukuthenga eYurophu, bathatha amaShayina athile, kunzima ukusho, - kusho uMqondisi Omkhulu uVarvara Serdyukova.
Abakhiqizi bekhukhamba abakhubekanga nje kuphela ngokuntuleka kwembewu - abaningi babo babene-remortgaging okuthiwa ebusika. Lokhu kutshelwe ku-Ivanisovo agrocomplex esifundeni saseMoscow i-Electrostal, okuthi, phakathi kwabanye abakhiqizi, inikeze ukhukhamba ezitolo nasezimakethe zaseSt.
- Amanani afana nalokhu hhayi eSt. Petersburg kuphela, kufana nalokhu yonke indawo - umkhiqizi akanawo umkhiqizo, ngakho ikhukhamba ibiza kakhulu kune-caviar. Manje akuwona wonke umuntu ophume nalo mkhiqizo. Angazi ngabanye, saba ne-oda kabusha: ikhukhamba ikhula izinyanga ezimbalwa, khona-ke izitshalo ziyakhathala, udinga ukushintsha isihlahla. Yilokho kuphela. Ihlathi lishintsha amasonto amabili noma amathathu, futhi ukuvuna kuyaqala futhi, sizofinyelela umthamo ogcwele, ”kusho u-Ivanisovo.
Futhi-ke, akekho okhansele izindleko zokushisa nelanga, lapho abalimi benza khona ikhukhamba ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo. Yebo, imifino engavamile ayifuni ukuphila ngaphandle kwayo ebusika. Futhi umenzi akanalo ithuba lokuphinda athathe lezi zindleko ezikhuphukile.
- Kuyadingeka ukushisa, kuyadingeka ukuba kukhanye. Kunezindleko ezingahleliwe, lapho kupholile ngaphandle, kuya phezulu. Yingakho ukhukhamba ebiza kakhulu. Futhi isifiso sokudla somkhiqizi, nakanjani. Njengamanje sinentengo yekhukhamba yama-ruble angu-5, engaphansi kuka-$ 2 ngenketho ngayinye. Futhi ama-Russian akho afika ngama-ruble angu-7.5, okungukuthi, amadola amathathu inketho ngayinye. Kodwa uhulumeni wethu ugcina amanani entengo ephansi, akasivumeli ukuthi sinyuse kakhulu. Futhi abantu baseRussia banelungelo lokuza ngentengo nangenani abanalo,” u-Alexander Radkovets, umqondisi weBerestye greenhouse plant eBelarus, etshela uFontanka.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iBelarus ingumphakeli omkhulu wamakhukhamba eRussia: ngo-2021, umthamo wokudiliva eRussia Federation waba amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-14.5 ngesilinganiso sama- $ 0.88 ngekhilogremu. Futhi ngeshwa, umkhiqizi waseBelarusian ngeke akwazi ukusindisa umthengi waseRussia okwamanje. Ngesifiso sakhe esikhulu, u-Alexander Radkovets uthi:
- Sizoqala ukulethwa kwamakhukhamba eRussia kusukela ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari - ngoMashi. Ukuthi nje manje nginenani elincane lale cucumber elikhula ngemuva, amathani angu-2.5 kuphela aqoqwa ngosuku, futhi yonke into iyaphambuka ngenethiwekhi yendawo yokudayisa. Akunakwenzeka ukuhlinzeka ngamaloli, ngoba akukho mthamo. Siphinde sadubula amathani angama-80-100 wekhukhamba ngosuku, lapho ukuqoqwa kwenqwaba kuzohamba.
Engeza isipuni soju. Thatha iFinland engumakhelwane. Icishe ingabi nalutho nhlobo uhlobo lwekhukhamba esilujwayele. Eziningi zezitolo zamaketanga (futhi azikho ezinye lapho) kunezinhlobo ezimbili kuphela zamakhukhamba: "indawo" kanye "yangaphandle" (njengomthetho, iSpanishi). Zombili zinde futhi zibushelelezi. Kuleli sonto, isibonelo, ku-hypermarket ye-Prisma, uhlobo lokuqala lubiza ama-euro angu-4.99 ngekhilogremu, okwesibili - 3.69. Futhi ehlobo, eyokuqala ibiza ama-euro angu-1.9—2.3, eyesibili iyanyamalala noma ibize ngamasenti angu-10-20 eshibhe kunawasendaweni. Ngezinye izikhathi umasingathi okhuthele (okungeyena umFinnish) uzohlangana “nokunganaki” - yilokhu okubizwa ngamakhukhamba ayisigwegwe (Käyrä) okukhiqizwa kwasendaweni. Lezi yizo, ngokubukeka kwazo, azihambisani nemibono emincane yaseFinnish mayelana namakhukhamba. Khona-ke ukhukhamba ojwayelekile-okunambitha ngokuphelele angahlwithwa ngama-euro angu-1.8 ngisho nasebusika obushubile. Nokho, ngezinye izikhathi uhlangana nento enesiqalo esithi “eco”. Kuzobiza ama-euro ayi-13-15 ngekhilogremu nganoma yisiphi isikhathi sonyaka. Lokho, eqinisweni, yizo zonke izinhlobo. Wonke umuntu odle ukhukhamba wase-Finnish ngeke akuvumele uqambe amanga - awanambitheki, kungaba indawo noma iSpanishi. Futhi ezifiseleka kakhulu - ezincane, ezinomsoco, ezinembongolo ephuzi namaqhubu - cishe azitholakali lapho nganoma iyiphi imali.
Umthombo: https://www.fontanka.ru