Indiza phakathi kwemigqa yezitshalo ngaphakathi kwendawo ebamba ukushisa, i-Spotted Wing Drosophila (SWD), i-Drosophila suzukii, yehlela phezu kwamajikijolo aqhakazayo, ihlasele umkhiqizo omusha futhi ibangele ukubhujiswa okungenakulungiseka. Ngokungafani nezinye i-Drosophilidae ezichumayo ezithelweni ezivunwayo nezibolayo, i-SWD inentshiseko yezithelo ezincane - amajikijolo aluhlaza, ama-strawberry nama-raspberries - nezithelo zamatshe, njengama-cherries, kuwo womabili amasimu avulekile nasezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Izinambuzane ezihlala eNingizimu-mpumalanga ye-Asia, i-SWD ifike yonkana eYurophu, eMelika futhi, muva nje, ezingxenyeni ezithile ze-Afrika. Ukulahlekelwa kwezimali okuhlobene nokuhlaselwe yizinambuzane ezingalawuleki kungase kufinyelele ezigidini zamaRandi ngonyaka - ngaphezu kwe-US $ 500 million e-United States of America, iyodwa - ngokocwaningo olushicilelwe kumagazini i-Insects.
I-IAEA, ngokubambisana neNhlangano Yezokudla Nezolimo yeNhlangano Yezizwe Ezihlangene (i-FAO), inekhono kanye nempumelelo yomlando ekusebenziseni indlela yezinambuzane eziyinyumba (SIT) yokucindezela noma ukuqeda izinambuzane, njengempukane yezithelo zaseMediterranean, izimpukane ze-screwworm, izimpukane ze-tsetse namabhu ahlukahlukene. Uma kubhekwa usongo lwe-SWD ekukhiqizweni kwezithelo emhlabeni jikelele, amazwe amaningana athintana ne-FAO kanye ne-IAEA ukuhlola amandla e-SIT ukucindezela i-SWD ezinhlelweni zokukhiqiza ezivalekile, njengezindlu zokugcina izithombo.
“Kuze kube manje, azikho izindlela zokwelapha ezivumelana nemvelo ezenzelwe ukucindezela lesi zinambuzane,” kusho uGustavo Taret we-Institute of Agricultural Health and Quality yase-Argentina. “I-SIT bekungaba ukuphela kwendlela yokulawula evumelana nemvelo engavumela ukusetshenziswa kwayo ezindlini zokugcina izithombo, inciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane kuyilapho ivikela izinambuzane ezinenzuzo ekulawuleni ezinye izinambuzane.”
Iphakheji ye-SIT ithuthukiswa kanjani?
Ukungenisa kokuqala kwekoloni le-SWD kwafika kusuka e-Italy ngo-2015 e-FAO/IAEA Insect Pest Control Laboratory (IPCL) eSeibersdorf, Austria. Kusukela lapho, ilabhorethri iye yaphenya ngebhayoloji yemisebe ye-SWD, okusho umphumela we-ionizing irradiation ekufakweni kobunyumba. "Ohlotsheni olusha lwezilwane, sidinga ukuhlola imithamo ehlukene yemisebe ukusuka phansi kuye phezulu ukuze sinqume ukuthi imuphi umthamo wokukhipha imisebe obangela ubunyumba obungamaphesenti ayi-100," kusho uCarlos Caceres, isazi sezinambuzane esicwaninga nge-Joint FAO/IAEA Programme of Nuclear Techniques in Food. kanye nezoLimo.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe ukukhiqizwa ngobuningi kwezimpukane ukuze kwenziwe ucwaningo, ososayensi baye benza izinhlelo zamaqanda namakheji abantu abadala. Endabeni ye-SWD, i-egging, noma i-oviposition, uhlelo oluthuthukisiwe luhlanganisa izitsha zepulasitiki ezinezimbobo ezivumela abesifazane ukuthi bazalele amaqanda. “I-oviposition system iyiphaneli ehlanganisa isembozo senetha esihle esine-wax. Abesifazane bakhangwa umbala othize we-oviposition panel,” kuchaza uCaceres. "I-oviposit yabesifazane - noma izalela amaqanda - ngephaneli, bese amaqanda aqoqwa ngaphandle kwekheji." Ososayensi bathole ukuthi i-SWD ikhangwa ngamaphaneli amnyama, okwenza inani lamaqanda aqoqwe libe likhulu.
Uma amaqanda achanyuselwa abe izibungu, aphiwa ukudla okuhlanganisa isanqante, ushukela, imvubelo namanzi. Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa, izibungu ziyashintsha zibe iziphungumangathi. Lapho iziphungumangathi sezivuthiwe, ziyaqoqwa futhi zikhishelwe imisebe, kuzenze zingabi nanzalo. Ngemva kokukhishwa kwemisebe, iziphungumangathi zifakwa ezindlwaneni zokubamba lapho kuvela khona izimpukane ezindala eziyinyumba. “Amakheji okubamba enziwe ngohlaka lwe-aluminium embozwe inethi elihle lokwenziwa elinezikhala. Ngaphakathi kwekheji kunoshukela kanye nemvubelo, njengomthombo wemisoco, kanye nesipontshi esicwiliswe ngamanzi ukuze kufakwe amanzi ezimpukane,” kusho uCaceres. Ikheji elilodwa lilinganiselwa ku-50 cm x 50 cm x 50 cm.
Ngemva kwezinsuku ezintathu emakhejini okubamba, izimpukane ezindala ziyavuthwa ngokobulili futhi zingadedelwa endaweni okuhlosiwe ukuze zihlangane nezinsikazi ezivundile, okuholela ekutheni kungabikho nzalo. Lokhu kuzoholela ekwehleni kwenani labantu basendle ngesizukulwane ngasinye.
Isimo se-SIT se-SWD
Sekusungulwe imigomo yokukhulisa ubuningi be-SWD, futhi ukuphatha nokukhulula izivumelwano ukuze izimpukane ezindala zifike ziphilile futhi zikwazi ukuncintisana emkhakheni ziyahlolwa. "Ukukhiqizwa okuzinzile nokwanele kwezinambuzane eziyinyumba kuyadingeka ukuze kwenziwe ukuhlolwa ezindaweni ezivaliwe noma ezindlini zokugcina izithombo futhi ukwazi ukulungisa amazinga okukhululwa namafrikhwensi," kusho uTaret. Kuze kube manje, izivivinyo zokuhlola, lapho kukhiqizwa khona izimpukane eziyizi-50 000 kuya kweziyi-100 000 ngesonto, zitshalwe ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo e-Argentina. Kulindeleke ukuthi kwenziwe olunye uhlolo lwesivivinyo eFrance kulo nyaka.
Imiphumela evela kulezi zivivinyo zokuhlola izovumela ukuhlanganiswa kwe-SIT ukulawula i-SWD emazweni athintekile. "Ubuchwepheshe obuyisisekelo be-SIT yokuhlolwa komshayeli we-SWD bukhona, obuzodinga ukukhululwa kwezimpukane ezingaba yizigidi ezingu-2 ngesonto ezindaweni ezihlosiwe, kodwa ukwamukelwa nokuthunyelwa kwayo kuncike kuziphathimandla zokuvikela izitshalo kanye nabenzi bezinqumo embonini yezithelo," kusho uCaceres. .
Iphakheji ye-SIT ye-SWD kulindeleke ukuthi iphothulwe ngo-2023. "I-SIT ingahlanganiswa nezinye izindlela zokulawula, ukunciphisa ukulahlekelwa kwezitshalo, izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane ekudleni kanye nobungozi kubasebenzi," kusho uCaceres.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe:
I-International Atomic Energy Agency
www.iaea.org
I-Mazzi D, Bravin E, Meraner M, Finger R, Kuske S. Economic Impact Yesethulo Nokusungulwa kwe-Drosophila suzukii ku-Sweet Cherry Production e-Switzerland. Izinambuzane. 2017;8(1):18. Kushicilelwe 2017 Feb 8. doi:10.3390/insects8010018