Lapho sizwa ngokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kokudla ngosizo lwezolimo okuthiwa “zihlakaniphile”, sicabanga okuthile okuhlobene nobuhlakani bokwenziwa, amarobhothi kanye “nedatha enkulu”, kodwa ukwenziwa kahle kwezolimo akuncikile ngaso sonke isikhathi kubuchwepheshe bamuva. Endabeni yamapulazi amancane ezindaweni zasemaphandleni, indlela "ehlakaniphile" ngokuvamile ihilela ukuthola izindlela ezingabizi ngokwezomnotho kanye nezasekuqaleni zokwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo ngokusetshenziswa kahle kwemithombo yemvelo futhi ngaphandle kokulimaza imvelo.
Iphrojekthi ye-FAO ethi “Smart Agriculture – for the Future Generation” enesabelomali sezigidi ezingu-3.4 zamaRandi, exhaswe uHulumeni waseRiphabhulikhi yaseKorea, isiza inqwaba yemindeni ezindaweni zasemakhaya zase-Uzbekistan naseVietnam ukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwe-greenhouse yezolimo ukuze bakwazi. khiqiza ukudla okuningi usebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezincane, umanyolo wamaminerali namanzi, ngokusebenza okuncane nangendlela ephephile.
Umqondo oyinhloko uwukuthi ukwandisa ukusebenza kahle kwezindlu ezibamba ukushisa ngokucabangela izici ezinhlanu ezihlobene: ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo, ukuchelela, ukondleka kwezitshalo nezindlela zokutshala.
Le phrojekthi ibandakanya izincomo zesayensi ezinengqondo kanye nezixazululo ezisekelwe ngokwesayensi, kokubili kwendabuko nesimanje. Kuhloswe ngazo ukuguqula amapulazi abamba ukushisa abe amabhizinisi aphumelelayo, okuzokhuphula amaholo abanikazi bawo, kwandise amathuba omsebenzi ezakhamuzi zendawo futhi kwenziwe kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqizwa kokudla okuhlukahlukene, okuthengekayo nokuphephile unyaka wonke.
“Sike sabona izindawo zokugcina izithombo ezisezingeni eliphezulu okwatshalwa kuzo izizumbulu zemali, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo umkhiqizo wazo ubuphansi, ngenxa yokuthi azizange zibheke imininingwane yendawo. Izinhlelo ezingabizi kakhulu, njengalezi zindawo zokugcina izithombo ezithuthukisiwe, zikuvumela ukuthi uvune izitshalo eziningi ngezinsiza ezincane,” kusho uMelvin Medina Navarro, uchwepheshe wezobuchwepheshe ophambili wale phrojekthi.
Izixazululo ezihlakaniphile
Lapho ochwepheshe be-FAO beqala ukucwaninga amakhaya anemiholo ephansi nengajwayelekile ezindaweni ezintathu zasemaphandleni ahlolwayo e-Uzbekistan, bathola ukuthi izindlela eziphelelwe yisikhathi nezingasebenzi kahle zokutshalwa kwezithelo nemifino ku-greenhouse zazisetshenziswa kuyo.
Ngokwesibonelo, ukuvuthwa kwempova kwenziwa ngesandla, futhi izibulala-zinambuzane eziyingozi zazisetshenziswa ngobuningi. Izindlu ezibamba ukushisa zazimbozwa ngobumba ukuze zenze umthunzi futhi zehlise izinga lokushisa ngaphakathi phakathi nezinyanga ezishisa kakhulu, lapho izinga lokushisa lasemini lingafinyelela ku-42 degrees Celsius.
"Okokuqala, kuhlongozwa ukuthi kusetshenziswe izinto ezintsha zokumboza," kusho isazi sezolimo namahlathi u-Khairulla Esonov, obamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-FAO.
Izindlu zokugcina izithombo zazimbozwe ifilimu ye-polyethylene enezithako ezikhethekile ezihlala isikhathi eside, zibonisa imisebe ye-ultraviolet, ukunciphisa uthuli nokuvimbela ukufiphala.
Izicupho ezikhethekile ezinamathelayo namanetha omiyane kwasetshenziswa ukulawula izinambuzane nezifo. Izwe elizungeze izindawo zokugcina izithombo lasuswa ukhula, futhi kwafakwa izembozo zaphansi zokubulala amagciwane kanye nohlelo lweminyango ephindwe kabili ukuze kuliwe nama-virus namagciwane.
Ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamanzi kuthuthukisiwe ngokusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokuchelela ngamaconsi ahlanganisa amaphampu amanzi kagesi, izihlungi, amathange amanzi kanye nemigqa yokudonsa, ngenxa yokuthi imisoco encibilikayo isetshenziswa kahle, ifinyelela ngqo ezimpandeni zezitshalo.
Ukwengeza, umzuzi ngamunye unikezwe amathuluzi okulinganisa izinga lamanzi. Ngokwemiphumela yocwaningo, kuvele ukuthi amanzi asetshenziselwa ukuchelela kuzo zontathu izindawo okuhlolwa kuzona ane-acidity ephezulu kakhulu. Manje umsebenzi uyaqhubeka wokuthuthukisa le mingcele ngokulungisa umthamo womanyolo futhi ungeze ama-asidi akhethekile emanzini.
Ngisho nomama weMvelo uqobo uyasiza: esikhundleni sokuthuthwa kwempova okukhandlayo nokungasebenzi kahle, manje sekusetshenziswa ama-bumblebees.
Imiphumela eshintsha impilo
Izinguquko ezinjalo, ezihlangene nosizo lwezobuchwepheshe olunikezwa yi-FAO, ziye zabeka ukuphathwa kwe-greenhouse ezingeni elisha, okuye kwaveza imiphumela emangalisayo kwezinye izimo. Umgomo wokuqala walo msebenzi wawuwukwandisa ukukhiqizwa kwemifino okungenani ngamaphesenti angama-20. Kodwa-ke, phakathi nomjikelezo wokuqala wezolimo, ukwanda kwesivuno sikatamatisi kanye nopelepele omnandi kwakungamaphesenti angama-90 no-140, ngokulandelana.
UNigora Pulatova, omunye wabalimi ababehileleke kulo msebenzi, wamangala lapho ethola isivuno esifanayo, naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi wasebenzisa ingxenye yezithombo eziningi kunabanye abalimi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinga lemifino liye lathuthuka kakhulu ngobukhulu, ukuma, umbala kanye nokungabikho kwezinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane, okuvumela abalimi ukuba bathengise imikhiqizo yabo ngentengo ephakeme kakhulu.
Omunye umlimi owabamba iqhaza kuphrojekthi ye-FAO kwakunguMatluba Alimbekova, umama wezingane ezinhlanu wase-Andijan esifundeni sase-Uzbekistan. I-Matluba itshala utamatisi, ukhukhamba, upelepele omnandi, u-garlic namakhambi, kodwa phambilini wayehlala elahlekelwa cishe ingxenye yezitshalo ngenxa yezinambuzane nezifo. Kulo nyaka utshale uhlobo olusha lukapelepele omnandi “anetta”, olufanele kangcono izimo zasendaweni, futhi usevune amathani angaphezu kwamabili esivuno futhi wazuza cishe u-$1,100. Njengamanje, uqoqa amakhilogremu angaphezu kuka-90 kapelepele masonto onke futhi uhlela ukutshala ama-radishes ngoNovemba ukuze athole imali eyengeziwe ngenkathi yasebusika.
“Lo msebenzi uwusize kakhulu umndeni wethu, imali yethu inyukile,” kusho uMatlyuba.
Ngaphambilini, uhhafu weholo lika-Matlyuba Alimbekova belikhokhela izindleko zokukhiqiza, kodwa ngenxa yephrojekthi emkhakheni wezolimo “ohlakaniphile,” manje selingaphansi kwamaphesenti angama-20.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iphrojekthi izokwenza ukuhlolwa kwemakethe, ukwenziwa kabusha kwama-laboratories emkhakheni wokuphepha kokudla kanye nokuqeqeshwa kochwepheshe bendawo ukuze kwandiswe umthamo kanye nenzuzo yokuthunyelwa kwemifino emisha kanye nokuqhubeka nokuguqulwa kwezindawo zasemakhaya kusetshenziswa izindlela ezifinyeleleka ngokomnotho neziphindaphindekayo. .
Umthombo: https://news.un.org