#Shiitakemushroomcultivation #Greenhousefarming #Sustainableagriculture #Cropdiversification #Cambodianagriculture
UKheang Vanda, umlimi ongumbono wasePhnom Penh, eCambodia, utshale ngempumelelo amakhowe e-shiitake endaweni eyaziwa ngesimo sezulu esishisayo nesinomswakama. Ngokusetshenziswa kwezindawo ezitshalwa yizitshalo ezishintshashintshayo eziphindaphinda izindawo zase-Asia ezipholile, ibhizinisi likaVanda, i-SY Company, alifinyelelanga nje kuphela ukunikezwa okuqinile kwalokhu kudla okumnandi kodwa futhi livule iminyango yokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo kanye nezolimo ezisimeme ezweni. Ukutshalwa kwamakhowe e-shiitake kusebenza njengobufakazi bokuthi izindlela ezintsha zokulima zingavumelana kanjani nezimfuno zemakethe futhi zinikeze umthombo oqhubekayo wekhwalithi ephezulu, umkhiqizo otshalwa endaweni.
Esimweni sezulu esishisayo saseCambodia, lapho amakhowe e-shiitake engewona awomdabu, u-Kheang Vanda udelele okwakulindelwe futhi wahlakulela ngempumelelo lesi sidlo esithandwayo. Ngaphambilini, iCambodia yayithembele kuma-shiitake apakishiwe noma omisiwe angenisiwe ngenxa yobunzima bokuthutha amakhowe amasha. Kodwa-ke, ukusetshenziswa okusha kukaVanda kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kushintshe umdlalo.
Isungulwe ngo-2017, inkampani yakwaVanda, i-SY, igxile ekuthuthukiseni izindawo zokugcina izithombo ukuze kugcinwe izinga lokushisa elipholile kanye nokulima imfuyo. Ngokusebenzisa izindlela ezihlakaniphile zokugqumisa ophahleni nasezindongeni, izindawo zokugcina izithombo ze-SY zakha amazinga okushisa apholile adingekayo ukuze kutshalwe ngempumelelo amakhowe. Le mpumelelo ayenzi nje kuphela ukuthi amakhowe e-shiitake achume kodwa futhi ivula amathuba okutshala ezinye izitshalo ezithanda isimo sezulu esipholile.
Inqubo yokulima ihlanganisa inhlanganisela enembile yokhuni lwenjoloba echotshoziwe kanye nemvubelo, okuthuthukisa ukukhula kwamakhowe e-shiitake. Ukugcina izinga lokushisa elifanele lika-16-18 degrees Celsius kanye nomswakama ophezulu kubalulekile ukuze kutshalwe ngempumelelo, okuvamise ukuthatha izinsuku ezine kuya kweziyisihlanu. Ukusebenza kahle kwale nqubo yokutshala inoveli kubonakala endaweni ebamba ukushisa eyimitha eyi-6×8 ePhnom Penh, ekhiqiza isivuno esihle sansuku zonke samakhilogremu angama-30 kuye kwangama-40 amakhowe e-shiitake.
Ngaphandle kokulawula izinga lokushisa, ukugcinwa kwenhlanzeko nokusebenzisa izindlela zokukhucululwa kwendle njalo kubalulekile ekudaleni indawo ehlanzekile yokutshalwa kwamakhowe. UVanda ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqinisekisa ukuthi labo abangena nabaphuma endaweni ebamba ukushisa balandela izindinganiso eziqinile zokuhlanzeka ukuze kugcinwe izinga nokuphepha kwamakhowe.
Nakuba ukwethulwa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kuguqule ukutshalwa kwamakhowe eCambodia, kuphinde kube nezinselelo ezihlobene nokusetshenziswa kwamandla. Ukuze kubhekwane nalokhu, Umqondisi Ophethe we-SY, u-Huong Sophorn, uncoma ukufakwa kwezinhlelo zamandla elanga, kuncishiswe ukuthembela kumandla wegridi nokukhuthaza ukusimama kwemvelo kuyilapho kungase kunikeze abalimi umthombo wemali eyengeziwe.
Ngenxa yemizamo kaKheang Vanda yokuphayona kanye nokwethulwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo, abalimi bendawo eCambodia manje banethuba lokuhlukanisa izitshalo zabo futhi baqinise iholo labo. Ukutshalwa kwamakhowe e-shiitake akugcinanga nje ngokuhlangabezana nesidingo salokhu kudla okumnandi okubhekwa kakhulu kodwa kuphinde kwavula indlela yezinqubo zezolimo ezisimeme kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo esifundeni.
Impumelelo yokutshalwa kwamakhowe e-shiitake ikhombisa ukuthi izindlela ezintsha zokulima zingavumelana kanjani nezimfuno zemakethe futhi ziqinisekise ukutholakala okuzinzile kwemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu, etshalwa endaweni. Njengoba isivuno sansuku zonke esingamakhilogremu angama-40 amakhowe asevele anele ezitolo ezinkulu ezimbili, uHuong Sophorn ukhuthaza abalimi ukuthi basebenzise le ndlela ngokwakha izindlu ezincane zokugcina izithombo zokutshala amakhowe. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okukhulisa umile afana namashalofu ezitolo ezinkulu, abalimi bangakwazi ukwandisa ukusetshenziswa kwendawo futhi bathole ukukhiqizwa kwamakhowe okuphumelelayo.
Ukuchuma okungalindelekile kwamakhowe e-shiitake esimweni sezulu esishisayo sase-Cambodia ngokusetshenziswa kwezindlu ezibamba ukushisa kukhombisa amandla okulima okusimeme kanye nokuhlukahluka kwezitshalo. Ukuphumelela kuka-Kheang Vanda akwenzanga nje kuphela ukuthi kutholakale amakhowe amasha, asezingeni eliphezulu kodwa futhi kunikeze abalimi bendawo amandla okuzivumelanisa nezimfuno zemakethe futhi bafake isandla ekunikezeni umkhiqizo omusha wesizwe.