Izifo zezitshalo nokulawulwa kwezinambuzane kusetshenziswa izibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali kuphakamisa ukukhathazeka okukhulu ngokuphepha kokudla, ikhwalithi yemvelo kanye nokumelana nezibulala-zinambuzane. Lokhu kukhathazeka kuye kwabeka isidingo sezinye izifo zezitshalo nezindlela Zokulawula izinambuzane. Ikakhulukazi, izakhi zezitshalo zingathinta ukubekezelelana kwezifo noma ukumelana nezitshalo ezinambuzaneni nezifo.
Lokhu kubonakala ekukhuleni kwengcindezi kubalimi ukuba batshale izimbali ezinempilo, izithelo nemifino ngezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali ezinciphayo. Izimakethe ezithumela ngaphandle ngokuvamile ziyahlola izinsalela zezibulala-zinambuzane emkhiqizweni kanye namazinga aphezulu e-MRL angakhawulela ukufinyelela emakethe. Ngentsha Amazinga Ezolimo eKenya kufakwa kugazethi - kukhona nengcindezi eyengeziwe evela ezimakethe zendawo mayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane nezinsalela.
Amaminerali Nutrition & Plant Disease
Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane nezifo kwafinyelelwa ngokuhlanganisa ukulima kwezitshalo ngendlela efanele, ukushintshaniswa kwezitshalo nesibabule nethusi. NgeMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi ngamakhemikhali empi yamakhemikhali. Umphumela walolu cwaningo kwaba ukukhiqizwa kwamakhemikhali ayesebenza ngempumelelo ekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo ezitshalweni.
Kwaba nenguquko enkulu kwezolimo. Izinambuzane nezifo zalawulwa, futhi ukukhiqizwa kokudla kwavikeleka kakhulu futhi nesivuno sakhula. Kwadlula iminyaka kuphela lapho saqaphela khona imiphumela engemihle yala makhemikhali empilweni yomuntu. Akuwona wonke amakhemikhali amabi, futhi ngaphandle kokulawulwa okufanele kwezinambuzane nezifo besingeke sikwazi ukondla umhlaba. Nokho, kubalulekile ukukhula ngokuzibophezela futhi sinciphise ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane lapho singakwazi khona.
Ngaphambi kweMpi Yezwe Yokuqala kwenziwa ucwaningo oluningi mayelana nendima yemisoco yezitshalo ekulawuleni izifo zezitshalo nokulawula izinambuzane, futhi lo msebenzi manje usuvakashelwa kabusha futhi wandiswa.
Izifo Zezitshalo Nokulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Kwezolimo Eziqhubekayo
Ukwakheka Kwenhlabathi Nokuthuthwa Kwamanzi
Izifo eziningi ziqala ngenxa yezinkinga ze-rooting, ukwakheka kwenhlabathi, ukungabi khona kwe-oxygen, ukuntuleka kwamanzi kanye nokugawulwa kwamanzi. Inhlabathi ejulile, ekhanywe kahle eyakheke kahle iwumugqa wakho wokuqala wokuzivikela ezifweni zezitshalo. Okulandelayo amazinga omswakamo namazinga okushisa adlala indima ebalulekile 'ekusebenzeni' amagciwane. Ngokuvamile amazinga omswakama aphezulu kanye namazinga okushisa akhuthaza izifo futhi anciphise iqanda libe yiqanda isikhathi somjikelezo wokuphila kwezinambuzane. Ngokudabukisayo, eMpumalanga Afrika asinakho ukunethezeka kobusika obubandayo - okungabulala izifo eziningi nezinambuzane.
Umhlabathi pH
Okulandelayo, inhlabathi i-pH ihlobene kakhulu nokuthi isifo sikhula ngokushesha kangakanani. Inhlabathi ene-asidi ivamise ukucindezela izifo ezimbalwa - nokho futhi icindezela ukutholakala kwezakhi kanye nesivuno sezitshalo - ngakho sondela ngokucophelela. Umhlabathi, amanzi kanye ne-pH yokuthonta kunquma ukutholakala kwemisoco ezitshalweni futhi kungadala ukweqisa kanye nokushoda okungakhuthaza ukukhula kwezinambuzane nezifo. Kungcono ukugcina i-pH isezingeni eliphezulu ukuze izitshalo zikhule isilimo esinempilo esimelana nezifo.
Izitshalo Zokudla Okunomsoco
Ukondliwa okufanele kwezitshalo umugqa wakho olandelayo wokuzivikela. Noma yimuphi umsoco oshodayo noma oweqile uzokwandisa ukungenwa kwezitshalo ezifweni nasezilokazaneni. Izakhamzimba ezaziwayo ukuthi zinomthelela ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni ezitshalweni yilezi: - Ifomu leNitrogen, iPotassium, iCalcium, isulfure, iChlorine, iNickel, iManganese neSilicon.
Calcium isakhi esiyinhloko esilawula izifo. Inani le-calcium emhlabathini linquma izinto eziningi! 1) I-pH, 2) Isakhiwo 3) Ukungenisa umoya. Hlola amazinga e-Calcium futhi uqinisekise ukuthi uneleveli okungenani eyanele futhi usezingeni eliphezulu lokunethezeka.
I-calcium esitshalweni isetshenziselwa ukwenza I-calcium Pectate - lokhu kunquma ukuthi izindonga zamaseli ziqine kangakanani, nokuthi zimelana kangakanani nokuhlasela kwezinambuzane nezifo. Izifo eziningi ezitshalweni eziningi zingavinjelwa ngokuba neCalcium eyanele esicutshini sesitshalo. I-calcium ephansi enhlabathini ibangela umhlabathi ominyene ogcwele amanzi, ongakwazi ukumunca kahle izakhamzimba kanye nezitshalo ezinomfutho obuthakathaka.
I-calcium yaziwa ngokucindezela impande yeklabhu kuklabishi, fusarium bafuna kutamatisi, ukubola okuthambile kwe-erwinia kumazambane kanye ne-botrytis blight ezithelweni nemifino eminingi. I-Calcium eyanele ibalulekile empilweni enhle yeshelufu yomkhiqizo. I-calcium ithathwa ngendlela yokuphefumula futhi ingaba incazelo esimweni sezulu esipholile, esisibekele noma esiswakeme.
potassium idlala indima enkulu ekucindezelweni kwezinambuzane nezifo. Izitshalo ezishoda nge-potassium zingenwa kalula yizifo zombili kanye nesimo sezulu! Ezindaweni eziningi sinenhlanhla yokuba ne-potassium eyanele noma eyeqile enhlabathini. Nokho, ingangena kalula ezinhlotsheni ezithile zenhlabathi, isb. illites nobumba. Ngokungafani nezakhi eziningi zezitshalo - i-potassium ayibi ingxenye yanoma yisiphi isitshalo futhi ihlala ikhona ebisini lesitshalo. Ihamba kakhulu ezitshalweni futhi isuka ngokushesha emaqabungeni amadala iye emancane futhi ukukhomba ukuntula udinga ukuhlola amaqabunga kukho kokubili bese uqhathanisa.
I-potassium eyengeziwe ingacindezela noma ikhuthaze izifo kuye ngokuthi isitshalo siphelele kangakanani. Ngokuvamile i-potassium izocindezela izifo eziningi kodwa ingakhuthaza ukubola kwe-Erwinia, isikhutha kanye nematodes. I-Nitrogen: Potassium (N:K) ratio ibalulekile futhi kwezinye izifo nezinambuzane. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-N:K singakhuthaza izifo. Isilinganiso esiphezulu se-K:N sivama ukwehlisa ukuqina kwesifo futhi ngokuhambisana ne-phosphorus eyanele kunganciphisa ukuzalana kwezintwala.
nitrogen ukweqisa kuvame uku khiqiza izitshalo ezibuthakathaka, ezikhula ngokushesha ezingenwa kalula yizinambuzane kanye nokulimala kwezifo. Izifo eziningi eziqeda amandla zenzeka ngenxa ye-nitrogen eyeqile, i-nitrogen ephezulu ikhuthaza i-botrytis ezitshalweni ezivame ukumelana nayo. Indlela initrogen ehlinzekwa ngayo ezitshalweni ingaba nomthelela omkhulu ekumelaneni nezifo. I-nitrogen ingamuncwa izitshalo njengefomu le-NH4 elincishisiwe noma ifomu le-NO3 eline-oxidized. I-NH4 yehlisa i-pH kuyilapho i-NO3 inyusa i-pH. Izifo zisabela ngendlela ehlukile ku-N-form. I-Nitrate icindezela i-Fusarium wilts kanye nokubola kwezimpande ze-Rhizoctonia kuyilapho i-ammonium icindezela ezinye izifo ezitholakala emhlabathini.
I-chlorine ngokuvamile ayithathwa njengesakhi sesitshalo futhi ingaba yingozi ezitshalweni eziningi. Kodwa-ke, ucwaningo luthole ukuthi ezitshalweni ezimelana ne-chloride, i-chlorine ingakwazi ukucindezela izifo zezitshalo isb i-fusarium Crot rot in asparagus, Rhizoctonia crown rot in beet, Fusarium Yellows in celery, kanye ne-smut and stalk bola emmbila. Ezimweni eziningi ukwanda kwe-chloride kubangele ukwanda kwe-manganese esicutshini samaqabunga.
Mananganese. Ukuhlolwa kwezitshalo kanye nocwaningo kubonise ukuhlobana okuhle phakathi kokugcwala kweManganese esicutshini sesitshalo esinempilo ngokumelene nezicubu zezitshalo ezigulayo. Isikhunta futhi ngezinga elikhulu, izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane ziyancishiswa lapho kutholakala i-manganese eyanele, kuyilapho izifo ezibangelwa amagciwane zingathuthukiswa ngokuthathwa kwezitshalo okuthuthukisiwe.
IManganese ivamise ukuba yinala emhlabathini, into ewumkhawulo wukusebenza kahle kokuthathwa kwayo. Izinqubo ezithuthukisa ukumuncwa kwe-manganese zivame ukunciphisa izifo. Ukumboza nge-mulching, i-pH esezingeni eliphezulu, izinto eziphilayo, amazinga okushisa enhlabathi kanye nomsebenzi we-microbial emhlabathini. I-Glyphosate inganciphisa ukumuncwa kwe-manganese futhi ikhuthaze ukuthatha konke. Uqweqwe lwamazambane luyancishiswa ngokwehlisa i-pH yenhlabathi, ukuchelela noma ukuphakela ama-foliar manganese. Amanye ama-fungicides, isb eMancozeb zisebenza kakhulu ngendlela ye-manganese.
nickel idingeka ngamanani amancane kakhulu futhi ngokuvamile yanele emihlabathini eminingi ye-horticultural. Ithathwa njenge-ultra-micronutrient futhi akunakwa kakhulu kuyo. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-nickel ibalulekile ekujikelezeni kwe-nitrogen ezicutshini zezitshalo kanye nokuvusa izitshalo ukusabela komzimba ngokusiza ngokukhiqizwa kwe-phytoalexin. Usawoti we-nickel izifutho ezisebenzayo zokubulala isikhunta ngokumelene nokugqwala. Ukuthathwa kwe-nickel kungancishiswa emhlabathini owomile obandayo futhi lapho kukhona i-zinc eyeqile, ithusi, i-manganese, insimbi, i-cobalt, i-magnesium ne-calcium. Umsebenzi owengeziwe udinga ukwenziwa nge-nickel.
Sulfure kubaluleke kakhulu ekulawulweni kwezifo - kuyadingeka ukuthi izitshalo zikwazi ukumelana nesikhunta ngokuvusa izinqubo zemvelo zokugayeka kokudla. Lokhu manje sekubizwa nge-SIR - ukumelana nesulfure. Isibabule siphinde sibe nomthelela onobuthi kuma-fungus nezibungu - yingakho ukusetshenziswa kwezimbawula zesulfure kwezinye izindlu zokugcina izithombo.
Silicon iyiminerali yesibili egcwele umhlabathi. Amazinga anele e-silicon ezitshalweni anikeza ukumelana okunempilo ezifweni eziningi, futhi umthombo kanye nezinga le-silicon esetshenzisiwe lingathinta kakhulu ukulawulwa kwezifo eziningi ze-fungal ezinhlotsheni eziningi zezitshalo. Kudingeka izixazululo ezisebenzayo / ezithengekayo / nezisebenzayo ekusetshenzisweni kwe-silicon ezitshalweni ezinganqwabelanisa, njengoba kuye kwaqashelwa ukuthi ukusetshenziswa kwe-silicon ekulawuleni izinambuzane nezifo kungaba yindlela ephumelelayo yokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwesikhunta ezindaweni eziningi zezolimo. Ucwaningo olwengeziwe kufanele lwenziwe kulokhu.
I-silicon ngezindlela ezihlukahlukene ibonakale iyindlela ephumelelayo yokulawula izinambuzane. Amazinga aphezulu e-silicon enqwabelene ezihlahleni nasemaqabungeni angadikibalisa izinambuzane ezihlafunayo, i-silicon ingancibilikisa i-chitin, ibangele ukuphelelwa amanzi emzimbeni ezinambuzaneni, futhi i-silicon ingavimba izinambuzane ze-spiracles - ukuvimbela umoya-mpilo ukuthi ungangeni emizimbeni yazo.
Amazinga aphezulu e-EC (usawoti) noma Sodium (i-sodicity) ingathinta kakhulu ukutholwa kwezakhi zezitshalo kanye nokukhula kwezitshalo okunempilo futhi kukhuthaze izifo, ama-nematode nezinambuzane.
Njengoba ubona - umsoco wezitshalo udlala indima enkulu ekunqumeni ukubekezelela kwezitshalo ezinambuzaneni nasezifweni, futhi kuningi okungenziwa ngokuthuthukisa umsoco wezitshalo ukunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane. Ukuze uthole ulwazi olwengeziwe ngalokhu, kanye nokuhlola isimo somsoco wezitshalo zakho sicela usithinte ku support@cropnuts.com.