Ukufakwa kwesikhunta, nakuba kuwusizo ekulawuleni izifo zezitshalo, kunemikhawulo eyinkimbinkimbi engase ibize abalimi kokubili ukuthula kwengqondo kanye nenani lesivuno. Amagciwane ezitshalo ebengabulawa izibulala-sikhunta angashintsha ukuze aphindiselele izingane zakubo ezifile, athuthukise ukumelana okwenza umthamo ojwayelekile wokufakwa kwesibulala-sikhunta ungasebenzi.
Ukuze kubambezeleke ukumelana nama-fungicides, abalimi bavame ukusebenzisa ingxube ye-fungicides ukwelapha izifo zesikhunta ezinciphisa isivuno-okusekelwe ocwaningweni olubanzi oluchaza ukuthi zakhiwa kanjani lezi zingxube. Kodwa-ke, lolu cwaningo aluhumusheli ngokuphelele esimweni esivamile, somhlaba wangempela lapho isibulala-sikhunta esisodwa sesitholakale isikhathi eside kunomunye, sibuza umbuzo: iliphi isu elilungile lokusetshenziswa kwezingxube zokubulala isikhunta lapho amazinga okuqala okumelana nesikhunta ngasinye. ahluke?
Ukubhekana nalo mbuzo, u-Nick Taylor no-Nik Cunniffe baseNyuvesi yaseCambridge e-United Kingdom bakhe isu elilula, elihlukile ngokuhlaziya imodeli yezibalo ehlanganisa ukukhiqizwa kocansi kwe-pathogen, okungavamile ukufakwa ezifundweni zokumodela naphezu kokuhambisana kwayo namandla okuziphendukela kwemvelo. izifo ze-fungal.
Iphepha labo, elisanda kushicilelwa ku I-Phytopathology, isebenzisa imodeli esifweni esibalulekile kwezomnotho, i-Septoria leaf blotch kukolweni, futhi inikeza ukuhlaziya okubanzi kokuguquguquka kwayo kokuziphendukela kwemvelo.
UTaylor noCunniffe basebenzisa ithiyori kanye imodeli yezibalo ukuthola isu elilungile lokulawula isifo lapho amaza okumelana nawokuqala emithi yokubulala isikhunta exutshweni ehluka. Imodeli ibonisa ukuthi izincomo zangaphambilini zokumodela zokulawulwa kokumelana nesikhunta azilungile futhi zingase zehluleke ezimweni zomhlaba wangempela ezihlukene.
Ngokuphambene, isu labo lenoveli lilungile ngisho nalapho amaza okuqala okumelana ehluka futhi lapho amapharamitha esikhunta kanye nenani lokuzalana kocansi kwe-pathogen phakathi kwesizini kuyahlukahluka. Ukwengeza, bathola ukuthi i-pathogen ephakathi kwesizini ukuzala ngokocansi kungathinta izinga lokukhula kokumelana kodwa akuthinti ngokwekhwalithi isu elilungile isincomo.
Nakuba lokhu kungase kubonakale kuyinkimbinkimbi, u-Taylor uyaphawula, “Isici esijabulisa kakhulu salolu cwaningo umbono wokuthi inkinga eyinkimbinkimbi kangaka ingaba nesixazululo esilula kakhulu. Nakuba ukulawula ukumelana ne-pathogen kuzingxube eziqukethe amapheya emithi ebulala isikhunta amagciwane angathola ukumelana nayo kunzima futhi kuyinkimbinkimbi, isu lokuphatha elilungile lisebenza ngokuthembekile futhi kulula ukusho: uhlelo lokufaka isibulala-sikhunta kufanele luklanywe ukuze ukumelana nazo zombili izibulala-sikhunta zilingane ekupheleni kohlelo.”
Ekugcineni, isu labo lihlose ukulinganisa ukulawulwa kwezifo ngokulawulwa kokungazweli ngokulinganisa ukumelana kuwo womabili ama-fungicides kuze kube yilapho ukumelana kwenyuke kakhulu kangangokuthi uhlelo lwehluleka.
Lesi sincomo sesu siqinile ekwehlukeni kwemingcele elawula i-pathogen epidemiology kanye nempumelelo yokubulala isikhunta, futhi uma lelisu seliqinisekisiwe ngokuhlolwa ngokuzayo, lingase libe nomthelela ezincomweni zenqubomgomo emayelana nokulawulwa ngempumelelo kwezifo zezolimo. UCunniffe ubheke ngabomvu “ekwandiseni le mibono ukuvumela izinhlobo eziyinkimbinkimbi kakhulu ezihlanganisa ukumelana nesikhunta, kanye Ukumelana amasu okuphatha ahluka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.”