#SustainableAgriculture #GreenFertilizer #ClimateChangeMitigation #MidwestFarming
Umanyolo Oluhlaza Wokulwa Nokukhishwa Kwegesi Ebamba Ukushisa
Umhlaba ubhekene nenkinga yesimo sezulu ekhulayo, futhi enye yezinto ezinomthelela omkhulu kule nkinga ukukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa. Enkabeni yesifunda sezolimo sase-United States, abacwaningi bayahlangana ukuze babhekane ngqo nale nkinga. Ukusebenzisana phakathi kwe-Iowa State University kanye ne-Wichita State University kugxile ekwakheni uhlelo olungaguqula umanyolo wezitshalo futhi lunciphise kakhulu umthelela wabo kwezemvelo.
Ukubamba Udoti I-nitrogen ne-Carbon Dioxide
Ukuqanjwa okusha okubalulekile kule phrojekthi kusekubambeni nasekusetshenzisweni kwemfucuza ye-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide. Le mikhiqizo, evame ukuhlotshaniswa nokugeleza kwezolimo, ngokuvamile idedelwa emkhathini, okunomthelela ekukhiqizweni kwesisi esibamba ukushisa. Kodwa-ke, leli thimba labacwaningi lisebenzela indlela entsha yokuguqula lokhu kukhishwa kwegesi kube umanyolo oluhlaza owaziwa ngokuthi "i-urea eluhlaza."
Ukunciphisa Ukukhishwa Kwe-Nitrous Oxide
Omunye wemigomo eyinhloko yalo mzamo uwukulwa nokukhishwa kwe-nitrous oxide, enamandla ngokuphindwe izikhathi ezingu-300 kune-carbon dioxide njengegesi ebamba ukushisa. Ngokuthatha nokuguqula i-nitrogen eyimfucumfucu, abacwaningi bahlose ukuthuthukisa umanyolo we-nitrogen oqhubekayo futhi oqaphela imvelo. Lokhu ngeke kuzuzise imvelo kuphela kodwa futhi nemiphakathi yaseMidwest yabalimi kanye namafuyo esongelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu.
Ukwesekwa kweNational Science Foundation
I-National Science Foundation ikubonile ukubaluleka kwale phrojekthi futhi inikeza ukwesekwa okukhulu. Ngesibonelelo seminyaka emine, esingamaRandi ayizigidi ezi-4 esivela Ohlelweni Olumisiwe Lokugqugquzela Ucwaningo Lokuncintisana (EPSCoR), lolu cwaningo luhlelelwe ukuba lube nomthelela omkhulu. Izibonelelo ze-EPSCoR ziklanyelwe ukuthuthukisa ingqalasizinda yesayensi namandla okusebenza ezweni lonke, futhi lolu xhaso lungena ngaphansi komkhakha we-“Track 2” wohlelo, ogxile ekuthuthukisweni kocwaningo lokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu namandla okukhuthazela.
Amaqembu Amabili, Imishini Eyodwa
Lo msebenzi uhlukaniswe ngamaqembu amabili aholwa ngongoti emikhakheni yawo. E-Iowa State University, u-Wenzhen Li uhola ucwaningo, nethimba lezinhlaka eziningi eligxile ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, izinqubo, nama-reactors ukuze kuthathwe i-electrochemical kanye nokuguqulwa kwemfucumfucu ye-nitrogen ne-carbon dioxide. Baphinde bazinikele ekufundiseni abalimi nabafuyi ngezinzuzo zalo manyolo omusha oluhlaza.
E-Kansas, u-Shuang Gu, uprofesa ohlangene wobunjiniyela bemishini e-Wichita State, uhola leli cala. Ithimba lakhe linomthwalo wemfanelo wokubamba nokugxilisa i-nitrate, lifunde imiphakathi yamagciwane asenhlabathini, futhi lihlole umjikelezo wokuphila komanyolo oluhlaza. Bazophinde bahlaziye imithelela yomphakathi yokusetshenziswa kwalezi zivundisi ezinobungani nemvelo.
Indlela Ephelele Yokusimama
Lo mzamo wokubambisana udlulela ngale kokudala umanyolo omusha oluhlaza. Ihlose ukwakha lonke uhlelo lobuchwepheshe nolwazi lokulwa nokukhishwa kwe-nitrous oxide kumanyolo ngokuphelele. Lokhu kuhlanganisa ukuthunjwa kwe-nitrogen engcolile ne-carbon dioxide, ukuhlanganiswa kwe-urea eluhlaza, kanye nokwenza ukuhlaziya okuqinile kwezinzuzo zemvelo nezomnotho zomanyolo oluhlaza.
Ukusebenzisa Amandla Avuselelekayo
Ukuze baqhubeke nokuthuthukisa ukusimama, abacwaningi bahlela ukunika amandla inqubo yabo yokuhlanganisa i-electrochemical ngomoya namandla elanga, besebenzisa izinsiza zamandla avuselelekayo amaningi atholakala e-Iowa naseKansas. Le ndlela ihambisana nomgomo obanzi wokunciphisa i-carbon footprint ehambisana nokukhiqizwa kukamanyolo.
Ukuqinisa Ezolimo Emaphakathi
Ekugcineni, lolu hlelo lumayelana nokuqinisa ezolimo zaseMidwest, inhliziyo yokulima kwaseMelika. Ngokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwe-nitrous oxide nokunikeza enye indlela eco-friendly kumanyolo wendabuko, lolu cwaningo lungaba nomthelela ekuchumeni kwesikhathi eside kokulima eMidwest ngenkathi ngesikhathi esifanayo kubhekwana nezinselele zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.
Ngokwamazwi abacwaningi, “Ukuhlala eMidwest-west - inkaba yezolimo - sazizwa siphoqelekile ukuthi senze okuthile ukudambisa le nkinga kazwelonke yegesi ebamba ukushisa, ukukhishwa kwe-nitrous oxide. Umanyolo we-nitrogen okhiqizwe yi-nitrous oxide ungaqinisa ukukhula nokuchuma kwesikhathi eside kwezolimo zaseMidwest, kuyilapho unciphisa izinkinga zokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu.”
Njengoba iphrojekthi iqhubeka, inamandla okuguqula izindlela zokulima eMidwest kuphela kodwa futhi isebenze njengesibonelo sezolimo ezisimeme emhlabeni wonke. Le ndlela entsha ikhombisa ukuthi ukubhekana nokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu kungahambisana nokuthuthukisa ukusimama kwezolimo kanye nempumelelo kwezomnotho.