I-Krasnodar Krai ingesinye sezifunda ezintathu ezihamba phambili ekukhiqizeni imikhiqizo yemifino enhlabathini evikelwe. Kodwa-ke, isabelo sengxenye engenisiwe ekukhiqizeni i-greenhouse sihlala siphezulu. Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, izingxenye ezisele zemishini kanye nempahla, okuhlotshaniswa nengcindezi yenswinyo eRussia, kuholele ekwenyukeni kwezindleko zemifino kanye nokwehla kwemikhawulo yebhizinisi labalimi baseKuban. Abahlanganyeli bezimakethe baphikisa ngokuthi i-agribusiness idinga ukwesekwa kukahulumeni ukuze kugcinwe izinqubo zokusebenza.
Ukukhula ngamavolumu kanye nobuchwepheshe
Isivuno esikhulu semifino yendawo evaliwe yezinhlangano zezolimo ze-Krasnodar Territory, ezingahlobene namabhizinisi amancane, ngoJanuwari-Okthoba 2022 zaba amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-88.6. Lokhu cishe amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-3 ngaphezu kwesikhathi esifanayo ngonyaka odlule. Lokhu kubikwe ku-Kommersant-Kuban eKrasnodarstat.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo Nemboni Yesifunda, iKuban ingesinye sezifunda ezintathu ezihamba phambili ekuqoqweni kwemifino ebamba ukushisa kanye nezifunda zaseMoscow naseLipetsk. E-Krasnodar Territory, ukukhiqizwa kwemikhiqizo yemifino yenhlabathi evikelwe ingaphezu kuka-16 kg kumuntu ngamunye ngesilinganiso sika-12 kg. Uhlelo lokukhiqiza ngo-2022 ngamathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-112.
“Umthamo wokukhiqiza ozinzile uhlinzekwa ngokwandiswa kwendawo ebamba ukushisa kanye nokwanda kokuphuma kweyunithi ngayinye yendawo esetshenzisiwe, okufinyelelwa ngokusungulwa kobuchwepheshe obusha bokutshala imifino emhlabathini ovikelwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwezinhlobo ezikhiqiza kakhulu. . Eminyakeni ezayo, ngokusho kwezibikezelo zochwepheshe bezimboni, ukukhiqizwa kwemifino eluhlaza e-Kuban kungase kukhule kube amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-130-140. Lokhu kungenxa yokuvuselelwa komsebenzi wokutshalwa kwezimali okuhloswe ngawo ukuqaliswa kwamaphrojekthi okwakhiwa kwezakhiwo ezintsha ezisezingeni eliphezulu ze-greenhouse,” u-Fedor Dereka, uNgqongqoshe Wezolimo kanye Nemboni Yokucubungula yaseKrasnodar Territory, utshela u-Kommersant-Kuban.
Eminyakeni ezayo, ngokusho kwezibikezelo zochwepheshe bezimboni, ukukhiqizwa kwemifino eluhlaza e-Kuban kungase kukhule kube amathani ayizinkulungwane eziyi-130-140.
Ngokusho koMnyango Wezolimo wesifunda, izakhiwo eziyi-11 ezisezingeni eliphakeme zezimboni ezinendawo ephelele yamahektha angaphezu kwama-240 zisebenza eKuban. Zibalelwa ku-96% yenani eliphelele lemifino ebamba ukushisa esifundeni. Abaholi ekukhiqizeni imifino evikelwe emhlabathini yi-Dinskoy, i-Belorechensky, i-Timashevsky, i-Krasnoarmeysky, izifunda zase-Seversky kanye ne-Krasnodar. “Kulapha lapho kugxilwe khona izakhiwo ezinkulukazi ze-greenhouse zesifunda ezinobuchwepheshe obuphambili bokukhiqiza. Emishinini eminingi yezobuchwepheshe ikuvumela ukuthi uthole imifino engaphezu kuka-70 kg ngemitha yesikwele,” kubika isevisi yabezindaba yomnyango.
Ngakho-ke, enye yezakhiwo ezinkulu kakhulu ze-greenhouse eRussia "Green Line", ephethwe yi-chain chain "Magnet", itholakala ezifundeni zaseDinsky naseTikhoretsky ze-Krasnodar Territory. "Kulo nyaka silindele ukuthola isivuno esiningi ngenxa yokwanda kwamandla okukhiqiza - amathani angaba ngu-58 XNUMX kakhukhamba notamatisi wezinhlobo ezahlukene, okuhlanganisa utamatisi we-cherry kanye ne-cocktail, lapho sigcizelela kakhulu ngenxa yokuthandwa kwezikhundla," Inkonzo yabezindaba yenkampani ithi.
Imifino ye-greenhouse eminyakeni engama-20 nje ishintshile emikhiqizweni yokudla yesizini engavamile ukusetshenziswa yaba ingxenye yansuku zonke yokudla kwamaRussia. "Ukuthuthukiswa okusebenzayo kwemifino ebamba ukushisa ekhulayo eRussia kwaqala ngemva kokwethulwa kwe-embargo yokudla ngo-2014. Ngaphambi kwalokho, cishe amathani ayisigidi emifino angeniswa minyaka yonke evela eTurkey, e-Iran nakwamanye amazwe," kusho u-Yulia Tulupnikova, umfundisi omkhulu e- Department of Economic Theory and World Economy at Synergy University.
Konke ukunaka ukhukhamba
Umkhuba weminyaka yamuva kube ukunwetshwa kohlu lwezitshalo zemifino ezitshalwe emhlabathini ovikelwe, isevisi yabezindaba yoMnyango Wezolimo wesifunda iphawula. Uma ngaphambili kwakungutamatisi wendabuko namakhukhamba, namuhla i-pepper, isitshalo seqanda, amasaladi, imifino. Iphesenti lemifino ye-greenhouse etshaliwe nayo isishintshile.
“Uma eminyakeni emihlanu edlule ukhukhamba abalelwa ku-70% womkhiqizo usuwonke, namuhla lesi sibalo singu-50%. Inani elisele liwela kumatamatisi - 48%, izitshalo eziluhlaza, nopelepele - 2%. Ochwepheshe bathi ukwanda kokukhiqizwa kukatamatisi kubangelwa ukuguqulwa kwesakhiwo sokufunwa kwemikhiqizo yemifino yendawo evaliwe. Ikakhulukazi, isidingo samatamatisi asekhaya sinyukile, ikakhulukazi utamatisi we-cherry, "kusho isevisi yabezindaba yomnyango.
Iphini likamongameli wenhlangano ethi "Greenhouses of Russia" u-Andrey Medvedev uthi okwamanje kukhona ukugcwala okukhulu kwemakethe ngamakhukhamba. Lokhu kuchazwa yiqiniso lokuthi ikhukhamba iwumkhiqizo okhula ngokushesha futhi obuyiselwe ngokushesha. “Ngaphezu kwalokho, cishe bonke abakhiqizi batshala uhlobo olulodwa lwamakhukhamba. Ngeke ubone izinhlobo ezikhethiwe zemikhiqizo noma yikuphi,” kubika uMnu. Medvedev. Uqhube wathi ukushintshwa kwamatamatisi kulesi sifunda akukenziwa ngoba made, kunzima futhi kuyabiza ukulitshala.
“Upelepele, ama-eggplant neminye imifino akunakwa nhlobo. Osomabhizinisi abafuni ukubambezela ebhizinisini labo ukukhokhelwa kwezikweletu zesikhathi eside ezidingekayo ukuze kutshalwe lezi zitshalo. Konke lokhu kudinga ukukhuthazwa, ugqozi oluvela kuhulumeni, futhi okwamanje akukho, "kusho u-Andrey Medvedev.
U-Natalia Davydenko, iNhloko yomnyango wokukhula kwezitshalo namakhowe e-Interagro, uthe u-70% kapelepele omnandi odliwa abantu baseRussia ungeniswa e-IV Agricultural Forum "Izithelo Nemifino YaseRussia - 2022", ebiseSochi ekupheleni kuka-Okthoba. . Ngokuyisisekelo, upelepele omnandi ulethwa, ngokusho kwakhe, kwa-Israyeli, eTurkey naseChina. UNksz Davydenko uqinisekile ukuthi kungenzeka ukushintsha ukungenisa kwalesi sitshalo ngokukhiqiza kwaso, kodwa ngenxa yalokhu kuyadingeka ukuxazulula imisebenzi eminingana.
“Upelepele ulinywa endaweni evulekile nevaliwe, kanti isivuno sihluke kakhulu. ERussia, ukutshalwa kwesiko le-sweet pepper ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo kufaneleka kakhulu. Kodwa-ke, ukukhiqizwa kuvinjelwa i-agrotechnical (izindleko eziphakeme zabasebenzi kanye nesivuno esiphansi ngokwemibandela ekukhiqizweni kwe-greenhouse; ukuntuleka kobuchwepheshe obujulile bemishini yezolimo, imishini yokuvuna uboya kanye nemigqa yokucubungula nokupakishwa) kanye nezici zenhlalo-mnotho (ukuntuleka kwesiko lokusebenzisa njalo. namanani aphezulu uma kuqhathaniswa nezinye imifino)”— kusho uNksz Davydenko.
Izijeziso zifike kumamajini
Ngaphansi kwezimo zokucindezela unswinyo eRussia, abakhiqizi babhekene nokukhuphuka kwamanani entengo yezinto zokukhiqiza, isidingo sokubheka abahlinzeki abasha kanye nenye indlela yezinto ezingavuthiwe nezinto zokwakha ezishiya imakethe yaseRussia, kanye nesidingo sokushintsha izinsuku zokulethwa, kusho u-Yulia Tulupnikova. Uthi: “Amabhizinisi amancane namapulazi kunesikhathi esinzima kakhulu.
Ubunzima buvela ngokuyinhloko ngenxa yesabelo esikhulu sengxenye engenisiwe ekukhiqizeni imifino ebamba ukushisa. Ngakho-ke, ngokusho kuka-Andrey Medvedev, cishe ama-80% embewu, ama-60% emikhiqizo yokuvikela izitshalo, ama-70% ama-bumblebees empova angaphandle. Izingxenye zemishini esetshenziswa ekukhiqizweni kwezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ukufakwa kwe-gas-piston yokukhiqiza amandla kagesi, okokulawula isimo sezulu, okokuhlunga nokupakisha, sekubize kakhulu futhi kunzima ukufinyelela kuzo.
Okufanayo kushiwo enkonzweni yabezindaba ye-chain chain "Magnet". “Kulo nyaka sibe nobunzima ngokuthengwa kwembewu, umanyolo, i-plant biosecurity, izingxenye eziyisipele. Sizixazulula ngokuthuthukisa nokwandisa ukubambisana nabahlinzeki basekhaya, kanye nokwakha ezinye iziteshi zokuphakela, ”kusho inkampani.
Ukwenyuka kwezindleko zezinto zokusetshenziswa, izinto zokukhiqiza, ezokuthutha kwandisa kakhulu izindleko zabalimi, okwathinta izindleko zokukhiqiza.
“Ngaso leso sikhathi, ngenxa yesivuno esihle, ukunyuka kwentengo yemifino kucishe kungabonakali. Ake sithi utamatisi ubiza cishe okufanayo nangonyaka odlule,” kuphawula u-Yulia Tulupnikova. Ngenxa yalokho, umkhawulo wokukhiqizwa kwemifino ebamba ukushisa kwehle kakhulu ngo-2022.
Imifino idinga ukwesekwa
Ukukhiqizwa kwemifino ebamba ukushisa eRussia kukhula kancane kancane. “Uma isimo esihle siqhubeka, khona-ke ekupheleni kuka-2022 isivuno sizobe sesicishe sibe ngamathani ayizigidi ezingu-1.5, okungaphezulu ngo-7% kunango-2021, futhi lokhu kuzothuthukisa irekhodi langonyaka odlule. Ukwanda komthamo wokukhiqiza kufinyelelwa kokubili ngenxa yokwethulwa kwezindawo ezintsha, nangenxa yokwanda kwesivuno,” kubikezela u-Yulia Tulupnikova. Unezela ukuthi e-Krasnodar Territory, ukukhiqizwa kwemifino kuye kwanda ngengxenye yesithathu eminyakeni emihlanu edlule.
Kukhona zonke izimo zokutshala imifino ebamba ukushisa eKuban, kusho uMaria Zakatova, umhlaziyi wenkampani yocwaningo i-NTech. Lesi simo sezulu esikahle kanye nenhlabathi evundile. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kukhona uxhaso oluvela kuhulumeni ngendlela yokubuyisela imali yokwakhiwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo zokutshala imifino enhlabathini evikelwe, ekhokhela izindleko zokwakha ezingafika ku-25%,” kusho uNksz Zakatova.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe imboni, ngokusho kochwepheshe, kuyadingeka ukuvuselela izakhiwo ze-greenhouse zesifunda, ukusetshenziswa kwezinhlelo zokushisa ezisebenza kahle kakhulu, kanye nokusekelwa kwamapulazi ezolimo amancane naphakathi.
“Kunemali ebolekiwe yomxhaso, kukhona izitolimende, kukhona ngisho isinxephezelo sengxenye yezindleko zikagesi uma usebenzisa amalambu okufakelwa ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Kunezinyathelo eziningi, kodwa azihlosiwe uhlobo lomkhiqizo, "kusho u-Andrey Medvedev. Ucacisa ukuthi abalimi namuhla abanazo izinsiza ezanele ezibolekiwe zokusekela imisebenzi yokusebenza. “Kudingekile ukugqugquzela hhayi kuphela ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zokugcina izithombo, njengoba kwenziwa namuhla, kodwa futhi nenqubo yokukhula izinhlobonhlobo zemifino. Usekelo lwezwe alukhethi. Ayikukhuthazi ukutshalwa kwezinhlobo ezithile zemikhiqizo, ezinganele ezweni,” kugcizelela uMnu Medvedev.
Ngendlela, inhlangano ethi "Greenhouses of Russia" ngo-March yanxusa uNdunankulu waseRussian Federation uMikhail Mishustin ngesiphakamiso sezinombolo ezidingekayo, ngokombono wabalimi, izinyathelo zokusekelwa kombuso. Ikakhulukazi, lokhu kuwukwenyuka komkhawulo wokubolekwa kwemali okukhethekile kwesikhashana kuya kuma-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-1.5, ukwanda kwesinxephezelo ezikhungweni zezikweletu ngokubolekwa kwemali okukhethekile yesikhashana kanye nokutshalwa kwezimali ku-100% wezinga elibalulekile leBhange Elikhulu laseRussia. Inhlangano; ukusungulwa kwamaholide esikweletu isikhathi esingangonyaka ongu-1 ukuze kubuyiselwe imali ebolekiwe yokutshalwa kwezimali kuyilapho kugcinwa amanani akhethekile, isinxephezelo sengxenye yezindleko zokuthenga izinto ezingavuthiwe, imisebenzi kanye nezinsizakalo, kucatshangelwa ingxenye yemali, njll.
Inkonzo yabezindaba ye-Magnit retail chain yengeza ngokuthi ukukhiqizwa ngempumelelo kwemifino eluhlaza, phakathi kwezinye izinto, kuncike ekuthuthukisweni kwezindawo ezifana nokuzalanisa nokukhiqizwa kwembewu, kanye nomsebenzi osebenzayo namanyuvesi ezolimo mayelana nokuhlanganisa ulwazi lwesayensi ku-practical. imisebenzi.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, inkampani iphawula ukushoda kwabalimi bemifino. “Umphumela womsebenzi wama-greenhouse complexes uncike kakhulu eqophelweni nasekukhiqizeni kwalaba basebenzi. Ukuze kuvalwe igebe kulaba chwepheshe, i-Magnit isebenzisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zokugqugquzela ukugcina abasebenzi abanjalo, yakha indawo yokugcina abasebenzi yochwepheshe nabaphathi, ithuthukisa izimo zokusebenza, yenza njalo inhlolovo yokwaneliseka kwabasebenzi, iheha abafundi be-KubGAU. Isibonelo, imiqhudelwano ibanjelwa nenyuvesi ucwaningo oluthakazelisa kakhulu nolusebenza ngempumelelo lokukhiqiza ngokukhokhwa kwezinxephezelo kanye nemifundaze yomuntu siqu evela kuchungechunge lwezitolo, "kusho inkampani. Kodwa-ke, inkinga, ngokusho kochwepheshe, ihlala ihlelekile embonini futhi idinga ukunaka kombuso.
UMargarita Sinkevich
Umthombo: https://www.kommersant.ru