Izinyosi zingase zikwazi ukuzimela ngaphandle, kodwa ukuze uthole okuningi emsebenzini wazo wokuthutha impova ezindlini ezibamba ukushisa, kubalulekile ukuqonda izidingo zazo nokuthi ungahlangabezana kanjani nazo kangcono.
Ngasekupheleni kweminyaka yama-80s, inyosi yatholwa iyisithuthi sempova esingcono kakhulu sikatamatisi obamba ukushisa. Kusukela ngaleso sikhathi, ziye zasetshenziswa cishe kuzo zonke izimo zokukhiqiza utamatisi obamba ukushisa.
Imfihlo yempumelelo yabo yindlela yabo yokuthungatha impova “ye-buzz”.
Utamatisi unama-stamens athwala impova afihlwe ekujuleni kwembali. Izinambuzane eziningi azikwazi ukufinyelela lezi stamens, okubangela ukukhula okubi kwezithelo kanye nesivuno esincane.
Izinyosi, ngakolunye uhlangothi, ziyakwazi ukudlidliza lezi zimbali ukuze zikhiphe impova ebanjwe ngokuqinile yi-stamen. Yize lolu hlobo lwempova lunyusa isivuno sesisonke sesitshalo, abalimi be-greenhouse kwesinye isikhathi bayakhohlwa ukuthi ama-bumblebees nawo adinga ukunakwa. Azikwazi ukubekwa, bese zikhohliwe.
Nazi izinto eziyisithupha ezibalulekile okufanele uziqaphele lapho usebenzisa ama-bumblebee hives ku-greenhouse yakho.
Amanzi kashukela
Phansi kwesidleke ngasinye, uzothola isikhwama samanzi anoshukela. Lokhu kusebenza njengomthombo wompe futhi kubalulekile ezitshalweni ezifana notamatisi ezingakhiqizi umpe.
Ngenxa yokuntuleka kompe esitshalweni, kubalulekile ukuba nomthombo wamanzi ashukela njalo, kungaba nesikhwama samanzi esishukela ngaphansi kwesidleke, noma uma lokho sekuphelile, ezikhwameni ezengeziwe ezibekwe phezu kwesitoko.
Lapho izinyosi ziphelelwa amanzi anoshukela, zingaba izisebenzi ezinolaka, zilume futhi zilwe nezinye izidleke ukuze zebe amanzi anoshukela. Uma lingekho inani elanele le-nectar ngaphakathi, izinyosi zizoshiya indawo ebamba ukushisa ukuze ziwuthole lapho izintuba seziqala ukuvuleka, okubangela ukwehla kwamazinga empova.
impova
Ezimweni eziningi, izitshalo zikatamatisi ezinempilo zinikeza impova engaphezu kwenani elanele ukuze isidleke sikhule kahle, inqobo nje uma izidleke eziningi zingakaqalwa.
Impova inikeza amafutha namaprotheni. Izidleke eziningi kanye/noma amazinga empova aphezulu kakhulu angaholela esilinganisweni esinganele sempova yezitshalo futhi kubangele indlala yezidleke. Izimpawu zezinganekwane zihlanganisa ukubonakala kwezimbali ezimnyama ngokwedlulele, ezilimele kanye nomsebenzi wezinyosi ezinolaka. Lokhu kunganciphisa kakhulu iminyaka yokuphila kwezidleke, kukhuphule izindleko zokufaka impova.
Kungcono kakhulu ukuzama nokugcina izinga eliphakathi lempova noma ukulunywa okune kuya kwemihlanu imbali ngayinye. Esimeni lapho kunenani elanele lezimbali ezivulekile esitshalweni noma mhlawumbe zingekho nhlobo, izidleke zidinga ukuphakelwa inani elincane lempova njalo ngolunye usuku, cishe ingxenye yesine yesipuni.
Ukuchayeka Kwezibulala-zinambuzane
Ekushicileleni impova kwe-greenhouse, iningi lemiphumela emibi yesibulala-zinambuzane ivela kuma-neonicotinoids, ikakhulukazi imidacloprid (Intercept). Ngisho nemithamo ephansi kakhulu, njengokwelashwa kwezitshalo ekusakazeni noma ukungcoliswa ezixazululweni ezijikeleziswa kabusha, kungabangela imiphumela emibi kakhulu ngezinye izikhathi ehlala izinyanga. Kungcono ukulandela izincomo zomkhiqizo kanye nocwaningo lwemiphumela engemihle engahle ibe khona, evamise ukubalwa abakhiqizi be-bumblebee abahlonishwayo.
Ukukhanyisa Okwenziwayo
Ukukhanyisa okwenziwayo kwaziwa ngokudala indawo yokumpova eyinselele. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi izinyosi ziphazamiseka ngenani elinganele lokukhanya kwemvelo, ikakhulukazi phakathi nezinyanga zasebusika. Ukukhanyisa okwenziwayo nakho kusheshisa ukuthuthukiswa kwesidleke, kusheshise ukuncipha kokusebenza kwesidleke uma kuqhathaniswa nendlu ebamba ukushisa engakhanyi.
Lapho wethula ama-hives ezindlini zokugcina izithombo ezisebenzisa izibani zokwenziwa, izinyosi zidinga isikhathi ukuze zivuleke futhi zivalwe nsuku zonke ngohlelo oluthile. Kufanele zivuleke lapho ilanga selifinyelele odongeni oluseceleni lwe-greenhouse, namahora amabili ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga. Ngale ndlela, izinyosi zifuna ukudla ngokukhanya okwanele kwemvelo. Cishe, izidleke ezisempumalanga yeCanada kufanele zivuleke kuphela phakathi kuka-10 ekuseni no-3 ntambama, zinikeze izinyosi isikhathi esanele sokubuyela ekhaya ngaphambi kokushona kwelanga.
Izivula ezizenzakalelayo ziyatholakala futhi zingaxhunywa kalula ezinhlelweni zokulawula imvelo, esikhundleni somsebenzi wokuvula nokuvala izidleke nsuku zonke.
Ukubekwa Kwesidleke Nokususwa
Nawa amathiphu ambalwa abalulekile lapho ubeka isifuba ngaphakathi kwe-greenhouse.
Okokuqala, kungcono ukuthi uhlale ubhekene neminyango yesidleke kude nomunye, ukuze izinyosi zingakhukhuli. Ukukhukhuleka kwezinyosi kubangela ukuthi izinyosi eziyizisebenzi zisuke kwesinye isidleke ziye kwesinye, ekugcineni zilambe amantshontsho futhi kwenze isidleke singabi namsebenzi.
Okwesibili, lapho unqwabelanisa izidleke phezu komunye kubalulekile ukubeka izidleke ezintsha phansi kwesitaki. Lokhu kuzokwenza izinto zibe lula uma izidleke zidinga ukukhishwa ku-greenhouse.
Okwesithathu, izidleke kufanele zibekwe endaweni okufinyeleleka kalula kuyo umzila ophakathi nendawo obamba ukushisa ukuze kubonakale, njengoba lona kuwumzila wabo wezindiza.
Ukuqinisekisa inani le-bumblebee elinempilo, ukususa izinyosi nakho kubaluleke kakhulu ngezizathu eziningi. Izidleke ezindala zingantshontsha amanzi anoshukela esidlekeni esisha. Zingandisa futhi amathuba okuthuthukisa izinambuzane nezifo, ezingasakazeka zisuka ku-colon ziye kwelinye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, zaziwa ngokukhipha izinyosi zezisebenzi ezidlekeni ezintsha, njengoba izinyosi zikhangwa amakoloni amakhulu.
Izimo Zomoya
I-greenhouse environment nayo ingabangela izinkinga ze-pollination.
Amazinga okushisa aphezulu (isb. ehlobo, ngaphezu kuka-30°C) angabangela izinyosi ukuba ziyeke ukufuna impova, njengoba zivame ukufuyela amantshontsho. Kulapho izinyosi eziyizisebenzi zisebenzisa amaphiko azo ukuze zikhiphe umoya esidlekeni, zigcine izibungu zipholile lapho kushisa kakhulu.
Umswakama ophezulu ohlobene (ngaphezu kuka-85% we-RH) uzobangela impova ukuthi inamathele futhi inamathele ku-stamens. Abalimi abaningi bavame ukwengeza izidleke ezengeziwe ukuze banxephezele izimo zomoya ezingezinhle, nokho lokhu kuhlanganisa isimo kuphela, ikakhulukazi lapho amazinga okushisa nomswakama ebuyela kokujwayelekile futhi kunezidleke eziningi eziqhudelana ngezimbali ezifanayo.
Nakekela izinyosi
Kule minyaka engu-30 edlule, sifunde ukuthi zibaluleke kangakanani izinyosi ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zezentengiselwano nokuthi singasikhulisa kanjani isidleke ngasinye, sithole inhlonipho ngalawa ma-pollinator ngesikhathi kuqhubeka inqubo.
Ekupheleni kosuku, lezi zici eziyisithupha ezibalulekile kufanele zihlale zisemuva kwengqondo yakho lapho usebenzisa ama-bumblebee hives endaweni ebamba ukushisa. Ngayinye izothinta ama-bumblebees ngendlela ethize, ezoba nomthelela emvuzweni, futhi ekugcineni, umkhiqizo wokugcina.
UMelissa Hargreaves ungumxhumanisi wangaphakathi wezobuchwepheshe kanye nomxhumanisi wemidiya e-Koppert Canada.