Amarobhothi asefikile emasimini aseCalifornia. Kuleli hlobo, a ugandaganda ozishayelayo kwabonwa imigqa esebenzayo yezivini esigodini saseNapa. Ichazwa ngokuthi ifana “nenqola yegalofu efakwe isobho”, ugandaganda usebenza ngebhethri likagesi futhi ungasebenza ukude ngohlelo lokusebenza.
Ngaseningizimu, amarobhothi okuvuna ama-strawberry kade bekha izithelo. Iphelele ngamasondo, izingalo ezinesihloko esinamathiselwe kanye nethreyi yokubamba, umenzi wayo uthi umshini ungakha amajikijolo cishe amaningi njengomuntu onokunemba okungu-95%.
Inguquko ye-ag-tech yomhlaba wonke iye yanda eminyakeni yamuva njengoba inkinga yesimo sezulu ibeka ubunzima kubalimi nasezitshalweni, futhi lolu bhubhane lusaqhubeka nokuphazamisa abasebenzi imboni ethembele kubo. Ku California, lapho obuningi balobu buchwepheshe buthuthukiswa futhi buvivinywa, lokho kuphakamise imibuzo enzima kubasebenzi basemapulazini bombuso.
Akubona bonke abasebenzi ababheka i-automation njengento embi, kusho abameli, ngoba inamandla okudambisa izici ezinzima zomsebenzi. Kepha futhi besaba ukuthi ukujaha ukwenza okuzenzakalelayo kwenziwa ngaphandle kokufaka kwabo, futhi ngendlela enikeza amalungelo abanikazi bamapulazi, abathuthukisi bezobuchwepheshe kanye nabatshalizimali ngaphandle kokucabangela imiphumela yabasebenzi.
Kuyinkulumompikiswano eza njengoba abasebenzi basepulazini baseCalifornia sebevele belwela amalungelo nokuvikelwa okwengeziwe. Ngo-Agasti, i-United Farm Workers, inyunyana enkulu yabasebenzi basemapulazini e-US, yaqeda izinsuku ezingama-24, amamayela angama-335. imashi ibheke enhlokodolobha eSacramento, ifuna umbusi, uGavin Newsom, asayine umthethosivivinywa ozokwenza kube lula ukuhlanganisa inyunyana ngaphandle kokwesaba nokusatshiswa abaqashi. (Newsom, umnikazi wesivini, kusamele asayine umthethosivivinywa noma kunjalo ingcindezi evela eWhite House kuleli sonto.)
“Kuyindaba efanayo ne-automation kunoma iyiphi imboni, ingabe izovala imisebenzi? Futhi, uma kunjalo, ingabe isusa imisebenzi ngamaholo aphezulu?” kusho uMaria Cadenas, umqondisi omkhulu wenhlangano engenzi nzuzo iSanta Cruz Community Ventures, inhlangano ehlinzeka ngosizo lwezezimali nezinhlelo emindenini ehola kancane endaweni yaseMonterey Bay.
“Sibheka izinhlelo ebezingaklanyelwe ukuthi zibe nokwabiwa kwengcebo, sibheka izinhlelo ezakhelwe ukuqhubeka nokukhipha nokwakhela abanikazi ingcebo.”
Wenza isibonelo sendlela imishini eyafika ngayo ukuvuna utamatisi ngawo-1960 kwaholela ekulinganisweni 32,000 abasebenzi basemapulazini balahlekelwa yimisebenzi futhi baxosha amakhulu amapulazi amancane ngaphandle kwebhizinisi. Ukubhala ngomthelela wokuzenzakalela kokucubungula utamatisi ku Isihloko se-1978 kweSizwe, umholi wabasebenzi basemapulazini uCesar Chavez wagqamisa izindleko zomuntu zalobu “buchwepheshe obumangalisayo”.
“Ucwaningo kufanele luzuzise wonke umuntu, abasebenzi kanjalo nabatshali bezimali,” ebhala.
Ukusebenzisa inkinga njengendawo yokuthengisa
I-Silicon Valley ihlezi eduze kwesifunda esikhulu saseCentral Valley esaziwa ngokuthi yisitsha sesinkwa saseMelika, lapho i- cishe 25% ukudla kwezwe kuyalinywa futhi kuvunwe ngu amashumi ezinkulungwane zabasebenzi. Ngo-2020, kuqalwa i-ag-tech eCalifornia uthole u-$5.6bn ekuxhasweni kwezimali zebhizinisi, ngaphezu kwezifunda ezine ezilandelayo zihlangene, zakha amaphesenti angama-20 esamba sezimali somhlaba embonini.
Umqedazwe we-Covid-19 wethule amathuba amasha okuthi iSilicon Valley iveze ubuchwepheshe bayo, kusho u-Emily Reisman, uprofesa osizayo wezemvelo nokusimama eNyuvesi yaseBuffalo. Ku iphepha le-2021, u-Reisman uhlole ukuthi ama-webinars namaphrezentheshini abukhoma kuyo yonke imicimbi engama-45 ye-ag-tech kusukela ngoMashi 2020 kuya kuSepthemba 2020 kuxoxwe ngayo ngamandla angasetshenzisiwe.
"Kungaba yiphutha elibucayi ukungena enkundleni futhi ungakhulumi nge-coronavirus noma ubhubhane lomhlaba wonke," kusho omunye oyisikhulu esiphezulu se-ag-tech etshela ontanga yakhe ku-webinar mayelana noxhaso lokuqala ngesikhathi sodlame. Omunye umsunguli we-ag-tech uzwakalise lo mbono, kanti abaphathi babuye bathi ukwesaba ukushoda kwabasebenzi kukulungele ukusheshisa i-automation.
U-Reisman uthi ukusebenzisa izinkinga njengendawo yokuthengisa kubeka engcupheni yokuzenzakalela njengokungathembeki, futhi kufihle umthelela kubasebenzi basepulazini abangase basuswe.
“Abantu abaningi abangabasebenzi basemapulazini abanakho ukumelana nemishini eshintshashintshayo, abaningi babo sebekhulile, abaningi babo babona la mathuluzi njengamandla okukhulula omunye umthwalo onzima womsebenzi wasepulazini,” kusho uReisman. "Kepha, uma sicabanga ngalo bhubhane njengokuzithethelela, kunezingozi ezithile."
UReisman uthe i-automation ingadala nezingozi zokufudukela kwamanye amazwe kubasebenzi basemapulazini, abaningi babo abavela eLatin America. Amaqembu epulazi abe abasekeli abaholayo mayelana nezinguquko zokuthuthela kwelinye izwe ezisekela izisebenzi eziyizihambeli nabokufika abangenazo izincwadi, wachaza, kodwa lokho kusekelwa kungase kunciphe noma kunyamalale njengoba okuzenzakalelayo kunciphisa ukuncika kwemboni kubasebenzi bangaphandle.
Ukubala nomlando
Abanye bathi yize i-automation ikhula, mancane amathuba okuthi kwenze izisebenzi zasemapulazini zingasebenzi ngokuphelele. Kuneminye imisebenzi amarobhothi okungenzeka angakwazi ukuyenza, kusho uGiev Kashkooli, umqondisi wezepolitiki kanye nezomthetho we-United Farm Workers of America, njengokubona ukuthi yiziphi izitshalo ezilungele ukukha esitshalweni esingapakishwa futhi sidayiswe. ngaphandle kwezitshalo ezingavuthiwe noma ezibolile.
U-Armando Elenes, umhleli wesisebenzi sasepulazini kanye nonobhala wezimali we-United Farm Workers, utshele I-Civil Eats ngo-2020 wayenokungabaza ngokuthi amarobhothi azongena esikhundleni sabasebenzi basemapulazini, athe sekuphele iminyaka engaphezu kweshumi kunconywa. Uthe inyunyana igxile kakhulu ekuvikeleni abasebenzi, amalungelo abo nokwandisa isisekelo senyunyana.
Sekuyisikhathi eside abasebenzi basemapulazini benjalo ukuphathwa kabi yimboni yezolimo futhi kudingeke ukuthi bahlele futhi balwele noma iyiphi inzuzo ezimweni zabo zokusebenza kanye namaholo. URicardo Salvador, usosayensi omkhulu kanye nomqondisi woHlelo Lokudla Nemvelo e-Union of Concerned Scientists, uthe lo mlando udinga ukubhekwana nawo labo abamele ubuchwepheshe obusha uma bezofeza izinzuzo ezithenjisiwe.
"Abasebenzi [yibo] abafaka isandla emgqeni futhi benze inzuzo kubalimi, abalimi kanye nezimboni," kusho uSalvador, futhi uphakamisa ukuthi lolu lwazi kufanele lusetshenziswe izinkampani zobuchwepheshe ezifuna ukusungula izinto ezintsha.
“Ukusebenza ndawonye nabasebenzi basemapulazini, okungabantu abajwayelene kakhulu nendlela okusebenza ngayo, nokubafaka njengabahlanganyeli kanye nabahlomuli ngokubambisana ekuthuthukisweni kwezobuchwepheshe,” kusho yena, “kungasheshisa futhi mhlawumbe kuthuthukise nokusebenza kwayo. .”
Umthombo: https://www.theguardian.com/