Isomiso sisongela ukubeka engcupheni ezinye zezithako ezithandwayo zabantu baseMelika — i-pizza sauce, i-marinara, i-tomato paste, utamatisi ophekiwe kanye ne-ketchup konke kulenga esilinganisweni. Futhi lokhu kuza kungekudala ngemuva kokushoda okuyinqaba, futhi okungahlobene ngokuphelele, kwe-pizza sauce kanye nomuntu ngamunye ketchup amaphakethe ngesikhathi sokuphakama kobhubhane oluhlanyayo lokulethwa kokudla.
Lokhu futhi kuza phezu kokwenyuka okukhulu osekuvele kwenyuka kwentengo yezithelo nemifino, ebilokhu ikhuphuka selokhu kwamenyezelwa ubhubhane lwe-coronavirus ngonyaka odlule.
Ngotamatisi, amanani aphezulu angaqala ukubamba maduze uma kungenjalo, kusho isazi sezomnotho esikhulu sezolimo sika-Wells Fargo uMichael Swanson.
“Uma ungumdidiyeli noma ungumdidiyeli futhi ubona lezi zinkinga ziyeza, kungani ungawanyuseli amanani manje usalindele?” esho, wengeza ngokuthi abathengi abayiboni intengo yamatamatisi amaningi agayiwe adliwa kude nasekhaya. "Ishumekwe ebhodini lemenyu - kodwa kungesinye sezizathu ezenza amanani entengo eChipotle nasePizza Hut enyuke."
Ngonyaka ojwayelekile, u-Aaron Barcellos, ongumlimi eFirebaugh, eCalif., utshala amahektha ayi-2,200 okucubungula utamatisi. Kulo nyaka uthathe isinqumo sokuthi akehlise afinyelele ku-900 acres epulazini lakhe, elisemngceleni we Izifunda zeMerced neFresno. Ushiye amahektare asele engatshaliwe, ekhetha ukugxilisa wonke amanzi akhe ayigugu kuma-alimondi, ama-pistachio neminqumo etshalwa kuma-trellises - izitshalo ezibiza amanani aphezulu futhi ezimele izindleko ezivele zishiswe.
“Sithola imvula engamasentimitha ayisishiyagalombili ngonyaka ojwayelekile. Ngonyaka odlule sithole ama-intshi angu-4½,” kusho yena. “Sithole u-zero phesenti wamanzi esiwabelile, okuphoqe ukuthi sithenge amanzi amaningi abizayo, akwenzi mqondo ukuwabeka kutamatisi.”
Uthe abalimi abaningi benze isinqumo sokusebenzisa amanzi abo anomkhawulo ezitshalweni ezihlala unomphela - izihlahla nezinto ezifana nezivini zamagilebhisi - bakhetha ukuyeka ukutshala unyaka nonyaka njengotamatisi, u-anyanisi nogalikhi, noma ukuvumela izitshalo esezitshaliwe zibune ezimeni ezinjengogwadule.
Ukuntuleka kokucubungula utamatisi kulo nyaka sekunesikhathi eside kwenzeka. Abalimi bebevele betshale amatamatisi ambalwa. Kusukela ngo-2015 kuya ku-2019, amazwe ambalwa abethenga amatamatisi aseMelika, ngenxa yokuthi idola lalinamandla, okwenza imikhiqizo yase-US ekheniwe ibize kakhulu. Lokhu kudala ukutholakala ngokweqile kwamatamatisi aseCalifornia, kusho uRob Neenan, isikhulu esiphezulu seCalifornia League of Food Producers.
Abaprosesa banciphisa ama-oda abo futhi abalimi bakhula amahektha ambalwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngokwengxenye ngenxa yempi yezohwebo, ukushoda kwembulunga yonke kwamashidi ensimbi asetshenziselwa ukwenza amathini okukhiqizwa kokudla okubangelwa ukuthi amanani anganyuka. Izitshalo ezinkulu ezicubungulayo eWilliams, Lemoore naseStockton, Calif., zivaliwe, kubalula izindleko zokukhiqiza eziphakeme, okushiya izindawo ezimbalwa zokuthi abalimi bazithengise. I-Inventory ekuqaleni kuka-2020 yayiphansi futhi izimpahla zase ziqinisiwe emhlabeni jikelele.
Futhi-ke ubhubhane lwashaya. Bheka ukuqoqwa kukatamatisi.
UFrank Muller, umlimi wezizwe eziningi utamatisi kanye nomongameli we-M Three Ranches eWoodland, Calif., E-Yolo County, uchaza imakethe ngonyaka odlule ngokuthi “iphazamisekile.”
Ekuqaleni kwalolu bhubhane, amathini angamalitha katamatisi ayehlala engafunwa emashalofini abasabalalisi bezindawo zokudlela, ukulimaza labo abadayisela imboni yezindawo zokudlela nakweminye imikhakha yesevisi yokudla - lokhu kufaka phakathi abaphakelayo, izinkundla zemicimbi kanye nezindawo zokudlela zezinkampani, konke kuvalwe entwasahlobo ka-2020. Ngaleso sikhathi, ukuthengiswa kwezitolo ezitolo zegrosa - kusuka kumathini angama-5-ounce okunamathiselwe kuye kwangama-28 -amathini ama-ounce of diced - ahamba amantongomane.
“Ukube ubudayisa nje ukudla, bebengawafuni wonke lawo matamatisi ngonyaka odlule ngesikhathi kuvalwe izindawo zokudlela. Kepha ukube ubuthengisa, ubusezulwini, ”kusho yena, eqhubeka echaza ukukhuphuka okukhulu kokulethwa kwe-pizza yobhubhane, esebenzise wonke lawo mathini angamagalani, okulandelwa ukushoda kwe-ketchup lapho kubanjwa amaveni kanye nezinsiza zokulethwa kokudla. wonke lawo maphakethe amancane.
Phezu kwesiphithiphithi senkinga yokuhlinzekwa, kusekhona usongo lwe-coronavirus: Izinkulungwane zabasebenzi basemapulazini kulo lonke elaseCalifornia baye bagula emsebenzini. Ukuqubuka kusaqhubeka, naphezu kokuqina ukugoma kuyaphusha.
UMuller uthe zimbalwa kakhulu izifo phakathi kwabasebenzi bakhe basemapulazini - utamatisi wakhe uthathwa ngomshini. Manje naye ukhathazekile ngokushoda kwezisebenzi.
"Siphumelele ngonyaka odlule, kodwa sesifikile, futhi abasebenzi abakabuyi ngenxa yezinzuzo zokuntuleka kwemisebenzi ezithuthukisiwe, futhi lokho kuthinte amafektri okucubungula amasizini," kusho uMuller.
Zonke lezi zinkinga ziholela ekutheni utamatisi ube mbalwa. Abacubunguli baqinise esilinganisweni sabo sokuthi mangaki amathani katamatisi abazowenza kulo nyaka, behlise ngamathani angaphezu kwesigidi, futhi manje nalokho kubukeka kunethemba ngokwedlulele. UMuller uthe lo ngunyaka wokuqala abaphrosesa bengawatholi wonke amathoni katamatisi babefuna kubalimi. “Lo nyaka kuzoba ngamazinga aphansi kakhulu esike sawabona,” kusho yena.
Amanani asevele enyuka. NgoMbasa, ukucutshungulwa kwamatamatisi emhlabeni wonke kwabiza ngamaphesenti ayi-7 uma kuqhathaniswa namasizini amathathu edlule, ngokusho kweWorld Processing Tomato Council. Futhi ngaphambi kokuba kuqale ukushisa kuleli hlobo, i-California Tomato Growers Association yayixoxilene ngentengo egameni labalimi. ngamaphrosesa katamatisi aphakeme ngamaphesenti angu-5.6 kunesizini edlule yokutshala, ngoba, njengoba uMuller esho, izindleko zabalimi ziyenyuka: “Impahla, uphethiloli, i-drip tape, noma yini enensimbi, uma usho njalo, iyenyuka.”
“Amaprosesa katamatisi anezindawo ezibiza kakhulu ezingenza into eyodwa. Uma bengafuni ukuphuma ebhizinisini, kuzofanele bathenge utamatisi kunokuba bashiye izikhungo zingasebenzi,” kusho uSwanson, isazi somnotho wezolimo.
Lokho kunyuka kwamanani kulindeleke ukuthi kudluliselwe ezinkampanini ezinkulu ezinenkontileka nabaprosesa, kusho ongoti bezolimo. Izinkampani ezinobudlelwano obujulile notamatisi azikakhombisi ukukhuphuka kwentengo. U-Kraft Heinz wenqabile ukuphawula mayelana namanani ale ndaba, njengoba kwenza uCampbell Soup, ongumlimi kanye nophrosesa futhi osebenzisa cishe 2 billion wamaphawundi katamatisi minyaka yonke ngesobho layo eliwuphawu, iziphuzo ze-V8 namasoso e-Prego ne-Pace.
UJames Sherwood weMorning Star Company, omunye wabaphrosesa abakhulu bakatamatisi, uthe kunzima ukubikezela ukuthi amanani angakhuphuka kanjani. Uthe ukukhuphuka kwamanani entengo akubangelwa isomiso kuphela kodwa nokwenyuka kwezindleko zikamanyolo, abasebenzi kanye negesi yemvelo. Futhi ngonyaka ozayo kungase kube mnyama nakakhulu.
"Sinezinhlu eziphansi njengamanje kanye nenkinga yamanzi," kusho uSherwood, "futhi ngonyaka ozayo, kunabalimi abenza izinqumo mayelana nezitshalo ngokusekelwe ekwabiweni kwabo kwamanzi. Amadamu aphansi kakhulu, ngokomlando aphansi manje futhi kuyakhathaza.”
Kodwa eziningi zalezi zinqumo zebhizinisi zenziwa ngaphambi kokuqhuma kwakamuva, igagasi lokushisa elirekhodiwe. I-Fresno County, umkhiqizi ophezulu katamatisi, yabona ubude obude bamazinga okushisa anezinombolo ezintathu. I-Yolo, i-Kings, i-Merced kanye ne-San Joaquin yizona ezihamba phambili ezinkulu ngokuphathelene nokukhiqizwa kukatamatisi, futhi zonke ezinhlanu zisesigabeni “sesomiso esingavamile”, izinga eliphezulu kakhulu Ibalazwe lesomiso lase-US. Izimo ezinzima zesomiso sezigubuzele cishe bonke yezwe laseCalifornia, elinemvula yesifunda kanye neqhwa kahle ngaphansi kwesilinganiso kanye nenethiwekhi yayo yamadamu abamba amanzi amancane kakhulu kunokuvamile.
UMuller uthe onyakeni ojwayelekile ubeke ezintathu noma ezine izinyawo zamanzi kuzo zonke ihektare lendawo yokulima edinga ukuchelela. Kulo nyaka uthole i-smidgen yonyawo olulodwa, ama-intshi angu-3.6 nje wamanzi ehektare ngalinye. Imvula encane kakhulu kunokujwayelekile, kanye namanzi okunisela amancane kakhulu kunokuvamile, kusho ukuthi abalimi kufanele baphendukele emanzini angaphansi komhlaba, abiza kakhulu, ukuze bonge izitshalo zabo.
“E-Yolo County, sinamanzi angaphansi komhlaba azinzile kanye nokugcwaliswa kwe-aquifer. Kufana nokuba nemali ebhange, ngakho sikhipha amanzi phansi njengokukhipha imali,” usho kanje. “Sizibambele mathupha ukuthi itafula lamanzi lizokwazi ukuzinakekela. Lokho kudale izinga elisha lokukhathazeka.”
U-Greg Pruett, isikhulu esiphezulu se-Ingomar Packing Company e-Los Banos, ebambisene nabalimi abane, uthi isimo sizoba sibi kakhulu ngonyaka ozayo, ngoba nakuba bekunamazinga afanele okugcina amanzi kulesi sikhathi sokukhula, azoncipha ngokuphelele. abalimi bephendukela emanzini angaphansi komhlaba.
NgoLwesihlanu, i-State Water Resources Control Board yaseCalifornia ikhiphe umyalelo ozonqamula abalimi ukuthi bayeke ukuphendukela emifuleni nemifudlana emfuleni waseSacramento naseSan Joaquin, kususwe omunye futhi umthombo wamanzi ngonyaka wesomiso esibi kakhulu.
“Abalimi bazoba nesimo samanzi esibi kakhulu ekupheleni kwalesi sikhathi sokukhula,” kusho uPruett. “Izindleko ziyenyuka kulo nyaka - emanzini, emathini, zonke ezinye izithako, abasebenzi, ezokuthutha - zonke lezo zinto zihambisana nokwehla kwamandla emali okukhulu. Futhi lokho akufani uma kuqhathaniswa nokuzokwenzeka ngonyaka ozayo.”
Ngezansi, uthi: Uma isomiso siqhubeka futhi itafula lamanzi licwilisa kakhulu, abalimi abaningi bangase bangatshali utamatisi ngonyaka ozayo.
