Isitshalo seBlagoveshchensk "Teplichny" sethule umugqa omusha wokutshala uhlaza. Izazi zezolimo namahlathi sezivele zivune isivuno sokuqala samavithamini zasithumela ukuthi siyodayiswa ezitolo zedolobha. I-greenhouse emile ayizange idumaze - kokubili ulethisi, i-arugula, ne-kale, ebizwa ngokuthi iklabishi eligobile, yazalwa. Umugqa wesaladi wesibili uzovumela i-agro-combine ukuthi ikhule amathani angama-54 amakhambi namakhambi ngonyaka. Kuyini okuhlukile kokukhiqizwa okusha kwesifunda nokuthi ubuchwepheshe obusha buzothinta amanani kubathengi - u-Amurskaya Pravda wathola.
Bid on Height
Ipulazi elisha lamasaladi ebhizinisini lezolimo licishe lifane nendawo egcina umlando noma umtapo wolwazi. Ama-Racks akhuphukela kusilingi, ukukhanya okumhlophe kuthulula kusuka phezulu, i-hum encane ye-automation enikeza igumbi. Kuphela esikhundleni sezincwadi namafolda emashalofini kukhona amakhasethi anezithombo noma izitshalo ezikhulile. Futhi umoya awunuki owephepha elidala, kodwa ubusha, njengangemva kwemvula.
Kwakhiwe isakhiwo esihlukile kusukela ekuqaleni ukuze kwenziwe amasaladi. Ngokungafani nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezivundlile ezidlule, zibukeka zihlangene impela: zithatha amamitha-skwele angama-260 kuphela. Kodwa uma ubala kabusha indawo yawo wonke ama-rack aqondile, uzothola isikhala esikhulu - "izikwele" ezingu-1,460. Lo bukhulu bokukhiqiza bukuvumela ukuthi ukhule amathani angama-54 amasaladi nemifino ngonyaka.
"Sizamile ukutshala ama-eggplant kanye nopelepele ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, futhi zakhula zaba mnandi kakhulu, kodwa zabonakala zingadingeki kangako kubahlali base-Amur kunamakhukhamba, utamatisi nemifino."
Esifundeni sase-Amur, ipulazi elimile liyisenzo esisha. Azikho ezifanayo esifundeni, futhi ngezinga elinjalo. EMpumalanga Ekude, lokhu kukhiqizwa nakho kungenye yezinkulu kakhulu.
Izisebenzi zaseTeplichny bezisebenza kahle epulazini lamasaladi enyangeni yesibili. Ukuhlolwa kwabonisa ukuthi izitshalo eziluhlaza zikhula kahle ngaphansi kokukhanyisa okwenziwa ekamelweni elivaliwe ngokuphelele.
- Ngenxa yendawo eqondile, ukukhanyisa okukhethekile kanye nezinhlelo zokunisela ezivumela ukuthi silondoloze ugesi, sizokwazi ukukhiqiza izitshalo eziningi, - kuphawula u-Andrey Lozovsky, uMqondisi Jikelele we-Teplichny LLC. - Futhi okubaluleke kakhulu ukuthi ngalolu hlobo lokukhiqiza, asixhomeki emvelweni. Kunalokho, singakha isimo sezulu nezimo esizidingayo ngokwethu. Ngaphambilini, ehlobo, asikwazanga ukukhula amasaladi nemifino ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezishintshashintshayo - lapho kushisa, ngenxa yobuningi belanga, izitshalo eziluhlaza zishiswe. Futhi lobu buchwepheshe bukuvumela ukuthi uvune unyaka wonke, okusho ukuthi kukunika ithuba lokuhlala usemakethe ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu.
Ukuvuna ngaphandle kwelanga
Ipulazi lesaladi elimile lalokho okubizwa ngokuthi isizukulwane sesine lisebenzisa uhlelo lwe-hydroponics. Lena indlela yokutshala izitshalo ngaphandle kwenhlabathi - emithonjeni yokwenziwa. Lapho bethola umsoco wabo kusuka kusixazululo esikhethekile esiza ezimpandeni zabo.
Ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingu-64,8 - izindleko eziphelele zepulazi lesaladi eliqondile
I-rack yezithombo ifakwe emashalofini angu-14 futhi inobude obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-5 (abasebenzi basebenzela amashalofu aphezulu ku-lift-trolley ekhethekile). Uhlelo lokunisela lwenziwe phezu kwayo yonke indawo. Phezulu kunamathangi esixazululo sezakhi (sixutshwa ekamelweni elikhethekile), ukusuka lapho sigeleza phansi ngama-gutters futhi sigcwalise ama-pallets lapho kufakwa khona amakhasethi anezithombo.
Ipulazi liphethwe kusetshenziswa inkundla ye-IT efakwe kukhompuyutha ephathekayo. Ivumela kokubili ebusika nasehlobo ukusetha i-microclimate edingekayo ekukhuleni kwezitshalo ekamelweni. Imishini ulayini omusha ohlonyiswe ngayo ingeyokukhiqiza yaseRussia neyangaphandle. Sikwazile ukuthenga izimpahla ezivela kwamanye amazwe ngisho nangaphambi kokuba kufakwe unswinyo.
- Ezimweni zezinhlawulo, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukuthenga ngokuqondile ingxenye eyisipele edingekayo, kufanele usebenzise ubuqili nobuhlakani ukuze uyishintshe ngokuthile. Noma sebenzisa ukungenisa okuhambisanayo. Kuvele isimo esifanayo ngokuthengwa kwembewu yaseDashi, kodwa lutho, siyaphuma kuso, ”kuvuma u-Andrey Viktorovich.
Umsebenzi wezandla “ezisuthi zasemkhathini”
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi emsebenzini wepulazi lesaladi, ukugcizelelwa kubuchwepheshe bamuva, akukabikho umsebenzi wezandla ekukhiqizeni. I-greenhouse emile ihlinzekwa ngochwepheshe abayisithupha abasebenza ngohlelo olusuka kumahora ayi-8 kuye kwayi-17. Ngaphambi kokungena esitolo sokukhiqiza, ngamunye wabo ugqoka "isudi yasemkhathini" - ugqoka umfaniswano wokuzivikela, izicathulo, imaski namagilavu. Uma kungenjalo akunakwenzeka - isikhala sivaliwe.
Lesi sitshalo sethule ukukhiqizwa ku-greenhouse eqondile yesizukulwane sesine.
- Imithetho enjalo ilawulwa yizinyathelo zokuphepha. Uma uletha i-spore ye-fungus ethile epulazini, khona-ke kuyoba nzima kakhulu ukulwa nalesi sifo lapha kunezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezivulekile, lapho ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet kungena khona, kube nezindawo zokubulala amagciwane. Ngizoqaphela ukuthi amasudi abasebenzi awokotini, bayaphefumula,” kuchaza i-CEO ye-agro-enterprise.
Ukutshalwa kwezitshalo eziluhlaza kuqala ngokulungiswa kwenhlabathi: i-peat ene-perlite ifakwe emanzini, bese igoqa izinkomishi ezikhethekile ezifakwe kumakhasethi. Emhlabathini olungisiwe, izazi zezolimo namahlathi zihlwanyela imbewu. Uma izitshalo zesaladi, faka imbewu engu-1-2, uma izitshalo zembewu - imbewu engu-20-30.
Izimpawu okuthiwa "uLwesihlanu usuku olungenalutho" azikholelwa lapha futhi izitshalo eziluhlaza zihlwanyelwa nsuku zonke. Bathi azikho izinsuku ezingalungile zokutshala: imbewu ngayinye inamandla ayo, ngakho izoqhuma.
“Unyaka Omusha useduze—umsebenzi uqhubeka ngokugcwele”
- Ngemva kokumanzisa, izitshalo zidluliselwa ekamelweni lokuhluma, eline-microclimate yalo. Umswakama kuwo ungama-90-95%, izinga lokushisa lisuka ku-20 kuya ku-23 degrees, - kusho isazi sezolimo namahlathi epulazi lesaladi eliqondile i-Marina Bondar. — Kuthatha izinsuku ezimbili ukuya kwezine ukuthi imbewu ivuke. Lapho nje imbewu isivukile, siyidlulisela endaweni yezithombo. Lapho amakhasethi abekwe kuma-pallet akhethekile, aniselwa ngama-hydroponics. Njengoba iqabunga likhula, sinquma ukuthi isithombo sidinga ukuthuthela endaweni eyinhloko yokukhula. Sinamashalofu ayisikhombisa kuwo, ngalinye linesiko elilodwa noma amabili. Ukondleka kwezitshalo kukhethwa ngakunye kuhlobo ngalunye.
“Ngalolu hlobo lokukhiqiza asincikile emvelweni. Singakha isimo sezulu kanye nezimo esizidingayo ngokwethu. Ngasekuqaleni kwehlobo, asikwazanga ukutshala amasaladi nemifino ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo ezishintshashintshayo - lapho kushisa, ngenxa yobuningi belanga, izitshalo eziluhlaza zishisiwe. Lobu buchwepheshe bukuvumela ukuthi uvune unyaka wonke, okusho ukuthi kukunika ithuba lokuthi uhlale usemakethe ngemikhiqizo esezingeni eliphezulu,” kusho u-Andrey Lozovsky.
Kuwo wonke amashalofu anezitshalo, ungabona ithegi yeqabunga. Yile ndlela izazi zezolimo eziphawula ngayo ukuthi hlobo luni lwesilimo esimilayo, lapho sihlwanyelwa khona, lapho sivezwa obala nokuthi kufanele sivunwe nini.
— Sazi kahle ukuthi sizoqoqa nini futhi hlobo luni lwesiko. Sazi futhi ngokucacile ukuthi nini futhi yini okufanele sikuhlwanyele. Ngosuku oluthile lwesonto, inombolo ethile yemikhiqizo ene-assortment ethile ikhishwa. Zonke lezi ziphetho zenziwe ngokuthengisa: lokho idolobha elikufunayo, sikukhulisela kona, futhi sinikeza ezinye izinto ezintsha ezimbalwa. Siphinde sigxile emaholidini. Unyaka Omusha ungaphambili, ngakho-ke umsebenzi uqhubeka ngokugcwele, silungiselela imikhiqizo eminingi.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi ukukhanya kwemini akungeni ekamelweni lepulazi eliqondile, kukhona ushintsho lwemini nobusuku ezitshalweni ezitshaliwe. Ukukhanya kwemini lapha kuthatha amahora angu-16, nobusuku - 8. Ebusuku, njengasemvelweni, izitshalo zicwiliswa ebumnyameni. Yebo, kudingeka futhi baphumule ukuze baqongelele izinto eziwusizo ezengeziwe.
Ezindaweni eziyinhloko, amasaladi namakhambi akhula kusukela ezinsukwini ezingu-16 kuya kwezingu-24, ngemva kwalokho adluliselwa ekamelweni lokupakisha, lapho alungiselelwa khona ukuthengiswa. Izimpande zezitshalo ziyasuswa, zihlanganiswe futhi zithunyelwe ukudayiswa noma endaweni yokugcina imikhiqizo eqediwe - esiqandisini esinokushisa kwama-degrees angu-6, lapho zigcinwa khona isikhathi esiphezulu sosuku.
Sezikhona izinhlobo eziyisithupha zemifino ephuma epulazini lamasaladi elidayiswayo
Imifino emisha kakhulu evela kulayini omusha weGreenhouse ingathengwa namuhla emaketangeni okuthengisa aseBlagoveshchensk. Amasaladi e-Iceberg kanye ne-frieze, i-basil, i-arugula, isipinashi kanye ne-kale (iklabishi eligobile) asevele ayathengiswa. Isamba sezitshalo eziyi-12 sizotshalwa epulazini lesaladi elimile. Amakhasimende azophinde abone ulethisi we-Romano, i-chard (i-subspecies ye-beetroot), i-pak choi (izinhlanga zeklabishi), i-satudai (ulethisi weqabunga le-oki), i-sorrel ebomvu, kanye ne-mizuna (iklabishi laseJapane) emashalofini.
Imigqa emibili yesaladi, i-greenhouse yamakhukhamba akhulayo kanye ne-greenhouse yamatamatisi akhulayo, okwamanje isebenza ku-greenhouse "Teplichny". Konke lokhu kutholakala endaweni ecishe ibe ngamahektha ayi-10.
Ngaphezu kwemikhiqizo yaso ebhodweni, lesi sitshalo sinikeza amasaladi namakhambi okusika. Amaqabunga nezixha ezinephunga elimnandi kuthengiswa emaphaketheni epulasitiki. Imifino ethengiwe ayikwazi ukugezwa, njengoba isivele icutshungulwe.
Futhi, izazi zezolimo namahlathi ze "Greenhouse" ziqoqa "iqabunga lezingane" - amaqabunga amancane amathenda ezitshalo ezihlukahlukene eziluhlaza. Izitshalo ezisencane zisuswa ngaphambi kwesikhathi kunesikhathi esinqunyiwe se-agrotechnical - kuze kube yilapho zidlula amasentimitha angu-5-10 ubude. Imifino emincane ngosayizi, kodwa inokunambitheka okucebile.
- Sizama ukwandisa uhla lwamasaladi namakhambi, sijwayeze umthengi emikhiqizweni yethu emisha, futhi umugqa mkhulu impela. Uma sithatha izitshalo ezifuywayo, khona-ke lonke uhlu lwamasaladi esiwakhulisayo luzoba ngolunye olukhulu kunazo zonke eRussia. Ngokuqondene nezimakethe zokuthengisa, sigxila ezimakethe zaseMpumalanga Ekude, kodwa singakwazi ukuhlinzeka ngezinye izifunda njengoba kudingeka, "kusho u-Andrey Lozovsky.
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