#foodtechnology #climatechange #sustainableagriculture #alternativeproteins #ukulima endlini #precisionfarming
Intuthuko yezobuchwepheshe ekukhiqizweni kokudla, okuhlanganisa ukulima kwasendlini, amaphrotheni ahlukile, nokulima okunembayo, kushintsha indlela esondla ngayo umhlaba kuyilapho sinciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Lesi sihloko sihlola intuthuko nemiphumela yalezi zinqubo ezintsha kwezolimo ezisimeme, zibhekana nesidingo esiphuthumayo sokukhiqiza ukudla okwengeziwe ngezinsizakusebenza ezimbalwa ukuze kuhlangatshezwane nezidingo zenani labantu elikhulayo emhlabeni wonke.
Izinselelo ezibangelwa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sokudla kukhuthaze ukuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe obuhlukahlukene kulo lonke uhlelo lokudla. Kusukela ezingeni lasemapulazini kuya ochungechungeni lokuhlinzekwa kwempahla, amasu amasha ayasetshenziswa ukuze kubhekwane nezinkinga eziyinkimbinkimbi ezihlobene nokukhiqiza, ukusatshalaliswa, ukuphathwa kukadoti, kanye nokupakishwa. Ucwaningo olwanyatheliswa kuyi-Nature lwagqamisa ukuthi izinhlelo zokudla zifaka isandla engxenyeni eyodwa kwezintathu zokukhishwa kwegesi ebamba ukushisa emhlabeni, kugcizelela ukuphuthuma kokuthola izixazululo ezisimeme.
Njengoba inani labantu emhlabeni wonke kulindeleke ukuthi lifinyelele ezigidini eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-9.8 ngo-2050, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla okudinga izinsiza ezifana nenyama nemikhiqizo yobisi, isidingo sezinqubo zezolimo eziguqukayo siyabonakala. Ukwengeza, ukwanda kwendlala nokungondleki okuthinta abantu abangaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-800 kudinga ukwanda ngesikhathi esisodwa kokukhiqizwa kokudla, ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngendlela efanele, kanye nokunciphisa imfucuza. Ukuhlaziya kukaMorgan Stanley kukhombe imikhakha eminingana ebalulekile yezobuchwepheshe yezolimo enamandla amakhulu okukhula, okuhlanganisa amanye amaprotheni, imbewu elungiselelwe izinsiza, kanye nezolimo ezinembayo.
Phakathi kobuchwepheshe obuthembisayo kunamanye amaprotheni, anikeza enye indlela esimeme neyokuziphatha emikhiqizweni evamile esekelwe ezilwaneni. Lawa maprotheni, atholakala emithonjeni efana nezithako ezisekelwe ezitshalweni, isikhunta, noma amasiko amaseli, angasiza ukuhlangabezana nesidingo esikhulayo sokudla okunothe ngamaprotheni kuyilapho enciphisa umthelela wendawo ohlobene nokukhiqizwa kwemfuyo.
Ukulima kwasendlini, okunye okusha okuphawulekayo, kusebenzisa izindawo ezilawulwayo kanye nobuchwepheshe obuthuthukisiwe njengamarobhothi nobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuze kukhuliswe isivuno sezitshalo nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza. Le ndlela ivumela ukukhiqizwa konyaka wonke, ngaphandle kwezimo zezulu, futhi yehlisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi kuze kufike ku-90% uma kuqhathaniswa nezolimo ezivamile.
Ukulima okunembayo, okunikwa amandla ukuqoqwa nokuhlaziywa kwedatha, kunikeza abalimi imininingwane ebalulekile ngekhwalithi yenhlabathi, ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, nomthelela wesimo sezulu. Ngokusebenzisa ukungenelela okuhlosiwe njengokufafaza ngokunemba kanye nokulima kwendawo okulawulwayo, abalimi bangakwazi ukuthuthukisa ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza futhi banciphise ukulimala kwemvelo.
Le ntuthuko kwezolimo olusimeme isizuze amandla kubatshalizimali kanye nosomabhizinisi, ngenxa yesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuqeda ikhabhoni ohlelweni lokudla kwezolimo kanye nokuthuthukisa ukuvikeleka kokudla. Iziqalo ezifana ne-AppHarvest, zisebenzisa amasu okulima endlini, kanye ne-Terviva, esebenzisa amandla emithombo ehlukile yamaprotheni njengesihlahla se-pongamia, zibhekana ngqo nalezi zinselele.
Ikusasa lokudla lilele ekwamukeleni izinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe ezikhuthaza ezolimo ezisimeme nezimelana nesimo sezulu. Kusukela ekulimeni kwangaphakathi kuya kwamanye amaphrotheni kanye nokulima okunembayo, lezi ntuthuko zinikeza izixazululo ezinseleleni eziyinkimbinkimbi zokondla inani labantu elikhulayo kuyilapho kunciphisa ukushintsha kwesimo sezulu. Ngokutshala imali futhi samukele lobu buchwepheshe, singavula indlela yesistimu yokudla evikeleke kakhudlwana, esebenza kahle, futhi enobungani bemvelo.