Kukhona isiphetho esingcono sokudla osekusetshenzisiwe kunokuthatha indawo ezindaweni zokulahla imfucumfucu futhi ube nomthelela ekufudumaleni komhlaba.
Amagciwane azuzisayo achuma ezinhlelweni ezikhulayo zewolintshi eziphathwa ngemikhiqizo kadoti evutshiwe. Ososayensi base-UC Riverside bathole ukuthi imfucumfucu yokudla evutshiwe ingakhuphula amagciwane andisa ukukhula kwezitshalo, okwenza izitshalo zimelane namagciwane kanye nokunciphisa ukukhishwa kwekhabhoni ekulimeni.
“Amagciwane azuzisayo anda kakhulu lapho sengeza imfucumfucu yokudla evutshiwe ezinhlelweni zokutshala izitshalo,” kusho isazi sezinto ezincane ze-UCR uDeborah Pagliaccia, owayehola ucwaningo. "Uma kukhona okwanele kulawa magciwane amahle, akhiqiza ama-antimicrobial compounds nama-metabolites asiza izitshalo zikhule kangcono futhi ngokushesha."
Njengoba izitshalo kulokhu kuhlolwa zatshalwa endaweni ebamba ukushisa, izinzuzo zemikhiqizo yemfucuza zagcinwa ngaphakathi kwesistimu yokunisela evaliwe. Izimpande zezitshalo zithole umthamo omusha wokwelashwa ngaso sonke isikhathi lapho ziniselwa.
Umjikelezo oqhubekayo
"Leli elinye lamaphuzu asemqoka alolu cwaningo," kusho uPagliaccia. "Ukwenza umjikelezo osimeme lapho songa amanzi ngokuwasebenzisa kabusha ohlelweni lokunisela oluvaliwe futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo sengeze umkhiqizo ophuma emfucumfucwini osiza izitshalo ngomjikelezo ngamunye wokunisela."
Le miphumela isanda kuchazwa ephepheni elishicilelwe kumagazini iFrontiers in Sustainable Food Systems. Imfucumfucu yokudla iwusongo olukhulu emhlabeni. E-US kuphela, cishe u-50% wakho konke ukudla kulahlwa kude. Iningi lale mfucumfucu ayigaywa kabusha, kodwa kunalokho, ithatha ngaphezu kuka-20% wevolumu yokulahla imfucumfucu eMelika.
Lokhu kungcola akumeleli nje ukulahlekelwa kwezomnotho kuphela, kodwa ukumosha okuphawulekayo kwemithombo yamanzi ahlanzekile asetshenziselwa ukukhiqiza ukudla, kanye nokusetshenziswa kabi kwalokho obekungaphakela izigidi zabantu abahola kancane abazabalaza ngokuvikeleka kokudla.
Okunye ukusetshenziswa kokulahlwa kokudla
Ukusiza ukulwa nalezi zinkinga, ithimba labacwaningi be-UCR libheke okunye ukusetshenziswa kokulahlwa kokudla. Bahlole imikhiqizo ephuma ezinhlotsheni ezimbili zemfucuza etholakala kalula eSouthern California: i-beer mash - i-byproduct yokukhiqizwa kukabhiya - kanye nemfucumfucu yokudla ehlanganisiwe elahlwa izitolo zegrosa.
Zombili izinhlobo zemfucuza zavutshelwa yi-River Road Research zase zengezwa ohlelweni lokunisela lokunisela izitshalo ze-citrus endlini yokushisa. Phakathi namahora angu-24, isilinganiso senani lamagciwane azuzisayo sasiyi-oda lama-XNUMX kuya kwamathathu obukhulu kunezitshalo ezingazange zithole ukwelashwa, futhi lo mkhuba wawuqhubeka isikhathi ngasinye lapho abacwaningi benezela ukwelashwa.
Usosayensi wezemvelo we-UCR uSamantha Ying kanye nethimba lakhe babe sebefunda amandla ekhabhoni kanye nezakhamzimba okuhlanganisa ne-nitrogen enhlabathini yezitshalo ezilashiwe. Ukuhlaziywa kubonise i-spike enanini lekhabhoni emanzini okunisela ngemva kokwelashwa ngemikhiqizo engcolile, okulandelwa ukwehla okubukhali, okusikisela ukuthi amagciwane anenzuzo asebenzise ikhabhoni etholakalayo ukuze aziphindaphinde.
U-Pagliaccia wachaza ukuthi lokhu okutholakele kunomthelela ekukhuleni kwamagciwane nasezitshalweni ngokwazo. “Uma udoti okhiqizwayo ungathuthukisa isilinganiso sekhabhoni nenitrogen ezitshalweni, singasebenzisa lolu lwazi ukuze sithuthukise izinhlelo zokukhiqiza,” kusho yena.
Ayikho i-Salmonella
Okunye okutholakele okuqaphelekayo ukuthi i-mash kabhiya noma imfucumfucu yokudla exutshiwe ihlolwe ukuthi ine-Salmonella noma amanye amagciwane e-pathogenic, okuphakamisa ukuthi ngeke bethule noma iyiphi into eyingozi ezitshalweni zokudla.
"Kunesidingo esiphuthumayo sokuthuthukisa izindlela ezintsha zezolimo," kusho isazi sezifo zezitshalo ze-UCR kanye nombhali-ndawonye wocwaningo uGeorgios Vidalakis. "I-citrus yaseCalifornia, ikakhulukazi, ibhekene nezinselele zomlando ezifana nesifo samagciwane i-Huanglongbing kanye nokutholakala kwamanzi okulinganiselwe," kusho uGeorgios Vidalakis, udokotela wezifo zezitshalo ze-UCR.
Imiphumela yaleli phepha iphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa lezi zinhlobo ezimbili zemfucumfucu yokudla kwezolimo kunenzuzo futhi kungaphelelisa ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo zamakhemikhali okwenziwa abalimi - kwezinye izimo kukhulula ukusetshenziswa kwezithasiselo ezinjalo ngokuphelele. Izitshalo zona zizobe zingabizi kakhulu.
Imikhiqizo yegobolondo
U-Pagliaccia kanye no-Ying nabo basanda kuthola isibonelelo soMnyango Wezokudla Nezolimo wase-California ukwenza izivivinyo ezifanayo kusetshenziswa imikhiqizo yegobolondo le-alimondi evela ku-Corigin Solutions ukuze kukhuliswe izitshalo. Le phrojekthi iphinde isekelwe ngoxhaso lwe-California Citrus Nursery Board, Corigin Solutions, kanye neCalifornia Agriculture and Food Enterprise.
"Ukwakha ukusebenzisana kocwaningo lwezinhlanga ezahlukene kanye nokwakha ubudlelwano bomkhakha kahulumeni nezizimele kuzosiza ekuxazululeni izinselelo ezibhekene nezinhlelo zokudla kwezolimo emhlabeni jikelele," kusho umlobi ongumdidiyeli we-UCR uNorman Ellstrand, uprofesa ovelele wezofuzo.
Lapho izinkampani zivumela abalimi ukuthi basebenzise imfucumfucu yokudla ngezinjongo zezolimo, kusiza ukuyisa umphakathi ohlelweni lokusebenzisa oluvumela imvelo.
“Kumele sishintshe sisuke emnothweni wethu othi 'thatha-make-consume-dispose' siye kwesiyindilinga lapho sisebenzisa okuthile khona bese sithola inhloso yakho entsha. Le nqubo ibalulekile ekuvikeleni iplanethi yethu ekuncipheni njalo kwemithombo yemvelo kanye nosongo lwamagesi abamba ukushisa,” kusho uPagliaccia. "Leyo yindaba yale phrojekthi."
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe:
Inyuvesi yaseCalifornia Riverside
www.ucr.edu / ukuvikelwa kwezitshalo /