#GreenhouseCultivation #AgriculturalDevelopment #Iran #Mazandaran #WaterCrisis #JobOpportunities #NonOilExports #EnvironmentalPreservation
Isifundazwe saseMazandaran e-Iran sibone intuthuko enkulu ekulinyweni kwe-greenhouse, njengoba kunamahektha angaphezu kuka-1,300 omhlaba osuvele unikezelwe kule ndlela yokulima yesimanje. Izikhulu zesifundazwe zihlose ukwandisa indawo etshalwa yi-greenhouse ibe amahektha ayizi-5,000 XNUMX eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. Le ntuthuko iyingxenye yoHlelo Lokuthuthukiswa Kwezindawo Zokushisa Komnyango Wezolimo, okuhloswe ngalo ukukhulisa umkhiqizo, ukusebenza kahle, nokuphathwa kwamanzi emkhakheni wezolimo. Ukwandiswa kokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse akugcini nje ngokubhekana nenkinga yamanzi kodwa futhi kudala amathuba emisebenzi, kukhuphula ukuthunyelwa kukawoyela emazweni angaphandle, futhi kufaka isandla ekulondolozweni kwemvelo.
Isifundazwe saseMazandaran, esisenyakatho ye-Iran, sesivele njengesizinda sokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse. Ngokuka-Ehsan Abbaspour, iphini lenhloko yomnyango wezolimo esifundazweni wokuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo, umhlaba ongamahektha ayi-1,314 eMazandaran njengamanje unikezelwe ekulinyweni kwe-greenhouse. Lesi sinyathelo esinenqubekela phambili kumasu okulima esimanje sikhombisa ukuzibophezela kwesifundazwe ekuthuthukisweni kwezolimo.
U-Abbaspour uqhube waveza ukuthi iziphathimandla zesifundazwe zihlela ukwandisa indawo etshalwa yi-greenhouse ibe amahektha angu-5,000 XNUMX eminyakeni emithathu ezayo. Lokhu okuhlosiwe okuhlosiwe kugqamisa ukuzimisela kwesifundazwe ukusebenzisa izinzuzo zokulima kwe-greenhouse. Sezisungulwe izifunda ezinhlanu ezibamba ukushisa eMazandaran, futhi izikhulu zimagange ukuqhubeka nalo mkhuba.
Ukwandiswa kokulinywa kwe-greenhouse kuhambisana nenqubomgomo enkulu yoMnyango Wezolimo yokugqugquzela le ndlela yokulima yesimanje. Inkonzo ichaze futhi yethula amaphrojekthi amaningana okuhloswe ngawo ukusiza ukuthuthukiswa kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo. Uma amaphrojekthi esegunyaziwe, azothola ukwesekwa kwezezimali futhi ukuqaliswa kuzoqala. Le ndlela yokushesha yomnyango ikhombisa ukuzibophezela kwayo ekuthuthukiseni umkhakha wezolimo.
Ukuthuthukiswa kokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse esifundazweni saseMazandaran kunemiphumela eminingana ebalulekile. Okokuqala, ibhekana nenkinga yamanzi edale izinselelo ezinkulu emkhakheni wezolimo wase-Iran eminyakeni yakamuva. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okunisela esimanje kanye nokunciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwamanzi, ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse kusiza ukulondoloza lo mthombo obalulekile.
Okwesibili, ukwanda kokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse kudala amathuba emisebenzi amasha. Njengoba indawo etshalwa i-greenhouse yanda, kuzodingeka izisebenzi ezinekhono ezengeziwe ukuze zisebenze futhi zinakekele lezi zakhiwo. Lokhu kuholela kumthelela omuhle emazingeni okuqashwa futhi kunomthelela ekuthuthukisweni kwenhlalo-mnotho yesifunda.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse kudlala indima ebalulekile ekukhuliseni ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kukawoyela. Ngokusebenzisa amasu okulima athuthukile, iMazandaran ingakhiqiza izitshalo ezisezingeni eliphezulu unyaka wonke, ivumele izwe ukuthi lithumele imikhiqizo yezolimo ngaphandle kwesizini. Lokhu kuhlukahluka kokuthunyelwa kwempahla kwamanye amazwe kunciphisa ukuthembela emalini engenayo kawoyela futhi kuqinisa umnotho wonkana.
Okokugcina, ukuthuthukiswa kwamapaki abamba ukushisa kanye nokulima kunomthelela ekulondolozweni kwemvelo. Ngokuhlinzeka ngendawo elawulwayo yokukhula kwezitshalo, izindawo zokugcina izithombo zinciphisa ukusetshenziswa kwezibulala-zinambuzane zamakhemikhali kanye nomanyolo. Lokhu kusiza ukuvikela imvelo futhi kunciphisa ukungcoliswa kwamanzi nemithombo yomhlabathi.
Ukwandiswa kokutshalwa kwe-greenhouse esifundazweni saseMazandaran kuyisinyathelo esibalulekile sokuthuthukisa umkhakha wezolimo. Ngokugxila ekwandiseni ukukhiqiza, ukusebenza kahle, kanye nokuphathwa kwamanzi, le ntuthuko ibhekana nenkinga yamanzi, idala amathuba emisebenzi, ikhuphula ukuthunyelwa ngaphandle kukawoyela ngaphandle, futhi ifake isandla ekulondolozweni kwemvelo. Ukuzibophezela kwesifundazwe ekulinyweni kwe-greenhouse kukhombisa ukuzinikela kwaso ezenzweni zezolimo ezisimeme kanye nokukhula komnotho.