Iphepha lakamuva kujenali yesayensi 'Izitshalo' lihlaziya ukusebenzisana kwamanje phakathi kwamabhange ofuzo eYurophu. Leli phepha labhalwa ngokuhlanganyela inhloko ye-CGN plant genebank, unobhala we-European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), kanye nomxhumanisi wangaphambili we-virtual European genebank initiative (AEGIS). Lokhu kuzicabangela kuholele ephepheni elinemininingwane eneziphetho ezicacile.
Ukusebenzisana eYurophu
I-European Cooperative Programme for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), inhlangano eyisambulela yamazwe aseYurophu emkhakheni wePlant Genetic Resources, isungule imisebenzi eminingi ehlanganyelwe ebalulekile phakathi kwamabhange ofuzo aseYurophu kule minyaka engamashumi amane edlule. Nokho, lokhu akubanga nomphumela wokwanda kokubambisana.
Ukuze kuthuthukiswe lesi simo, i-AEGIS (ifushane yokuthi: ‘I-European Genebank Integrated System’) yasungulwa ngo-2004. I-AEGIS iwuhlelo lwe-ECPGR oluhloselwe ukulondoloza ngempumelelo kanye nokunikeza ukufinyelela kumagciwane ayingqayizivele eYurophu. Kuyibhange lofuzo elibonakalayo elilawula ‘Iqoqo LaseYurophu’, elihlanganisa ukungena okulawulwa amalungu e-AEGIS’ (amabhange ohlobo), ahlela futhi akhokhe izindleko zokongiwa nokusatshalaliswa kwalezi zinzuzo zesikhathi eside. Izinto eziku-AEGIS kufanele ziphathwe ngokuvumelana nezindinganiso zekhwalithi okuvunyelwene ngazo futhi kufanele zitholakale mahhala ngokuvumelana nemigomo nemibandela ebekwe ku-International Treaty on Plant Genetic Resources for Food and Agriculture.
Ukuze kuhlaziywe futhi kuhlolwe ukusebenzisana, uTheo van Hintum, inhloko ye-CGN plant genebank, u-Lorenzo Maggioni, unobhala we-European Cooperative Program for Plant Genetic Resources (ECPGR), kanye noJohannes Engels, owayengumxhumanisi we-AEGIS, babhala. isihloko esisanda kushicilelwa 'I-AEGIS, ibhange lofuzo laseYurophu elibonakalayo: kungani kuwumbono omuhle kangaka, kungani lingasebenzi nokuthi lingathuthukiswa kanjani'. Leli phepha lichaza umlando wokongiwa kwemithombo yofuzo yezitshalo (PGR) eYurophu nokuthi kungani ukusebenzisana phakathi kwamabhange ofuzo akuzange kube ngcono kakhulu kusukela kwasungulwa i-ECPGR. Ababhali baphawula ukuthi (1) imvamisa izinsiza zofuzo zezitshalo ziphindaphindwa kumaqoqo amaningi, kuyilapho ezinye izinto ezibalulekile zishoda, (2) ukufinyelela ezintweni ezisetshenziswayo, uma kukhona ukufinyelela nhlobo, kuvame ukukhawulelwa eqenjini elincane labantu njengabantwana. ozakwethu esikhungweni, ozakwethu bephrojekthi, noma amalungu enethiwekhi ekhawulelwe, futhi okubaluleke kakhulu, (3) ikhwalithi yezindlela zokongiwa kwemvelo kanye nezinto ezilondoloziwe azicacile futhi ngokunokwenzeka ngokuvamile ziphansi kakhulu.
Kungani i-AEGIS ingasebenzi
Ababhali babona ukuthi i-AEGIS, kuze kube manje, ayiphumeleli. Kufakwe izinto ezincane kakhulu kuleli bhange lofuzo elibonakalayo: ama-accessions angu-65,267, okungamaphesenti angu-3.2 kuphela wezinto ezibhaliswe ku-EURISCO, inqolobane yaseYurophu yezinto ezisetshenziswayo zamagene. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi azikho izisusa ezifanele zokufaka izinto ku-AEGIS futhi amabhange okukhiqiza abonakala enqikaza ukuzibophezela kumazinga ekhwalithi adingekayo ngaphandle kwalezo zikhuthazi. Futhi, ikhwalithi nokufinyelela kokubalulekile okufakiwe akuqinisekisiwe, njengoba ingekho indlela eqinisekisa ukuthotshelwa kwezindinganiso zekhwalithi.
Ingathuthukiswa kanjani
Ama-Genebanks awakwazi futhi ngeke athembele komunye nomunye uma engakwazi ukuqiniseka ngekhwalithi nokuqhubeka kwamaqoqo aphethwe ozakwabo bamabhange ofuzo. Ngakho-ke, isidingo siyagcizelelwa sokwethulwa kwesistimu yekhwalithi lapho amabhange ofuzo angaba ne-AEGIS-certified. Umphumela walolu hlelo kungaba ukuthi amabhange ofuzo agunyazwe yi-AEGIS afanelekele ukwesekwa emazingeni kazwelonke nawesifunda, njengoba kufanele abe ababambiqhaza abathembekile ekongeni imithombo yofuzo. Izikhungo ezifuna ukuba amabhange ofuzo aqinisekiswe yi-AEGIS, kodwa ezingakafinyeleli izidingo okwamanje, kufanele zisekelwe yi-ECPGR nabanye abaxhasi ukuze zifinyelele lo mgomo ngokwakhiwa kwamandla, ukushintshana kwabasebenzi, ukwesekwa kokumisa izikhungo ezidingekayo, njll.
Ukuqhubeka kwamaqoqo kungenziwa ngokwakha ‘uhlelo oluvulekile lokusekelayo’. Ikhophi yasenqolobaneni yokuphepha ingumsebenzi ojwayelekile wawo wonke amabhange ofuzo asebenza kahle; bathumela amasampula ezinto zabo kubalingani bebhange lofuzo kanye naseSvalbard Global Seed Vault. Kodwa-ke, okwamanje lokho kwenziwa ekwakhiweni kwamabhokisi amnyama lapho umnikeli wezinto ezibonakalayo kuphela akwazi ukufinyelela kukho. Ababhali bahlongoza ukuguqulwa okuncane kule nqubo, ngokuvuma ukuthi ukungena ku-backup genebank kungase kusetshenziselwe ukufakwa kwelinye iqoqo le-AEGIS-genebank esehlakalweni esingathandeki lapho i-genebank yokuqala ngeke isakwazi ukunikeza ukufinyelela kulokhu kufinyelelwa.
Ababhali baphetha ngokuthi umphakathi wama-genebank waseYurophu ngokusobala unesifiso sokwenza ubungcweti nokusebenzisana. Ngokwakha izisusa ezifanele kanye nokusungula ingqalasizinda efanele esekelwa ama-ejensi axhasa ngezimali nabakhi benqubomgomo, ababhali bakholelwa ukuthi uhlelo olusebenzayo lokusebenzisana kwamabhange ofuzo lungadalwa eYurophu.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe:
I-Wageningen University & Ucwaningo
www.wur.nl