#agriculture #greenhousefarming #vegetableproduction #Kazakhstan #agriculturaleconomics #energycosts #governmentsupport
Ngokolwazi lwakamuva oluvela ku-Energyprom.kz, indawo esetshenziselwa ukushisa ukushisa eKazakhstan yehlile isuka kumahektha acishe abe ngu-1,500 yaya kumahektha ayi-1,200 kuphela, okumele ukwehla ngo-18.1%. Isizathu esikhulu esibe nomthelela kulo mkhuba omubi kube ukwehla kwezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezingabanikazi babalimi, okudale ukwehla ngamahektha angama-210.3 noma ama-24.7% ngo-2022. Izindlu zezimboni zamabhizinisi ezolimo nazo zehla, nakuba zingabaluleki kangako, ngenxa yokwehla kwenani lezindlu. ukuncishiswa kwamahektha angama-43 noma ngo-16.4%.
Ngenxa yokuwohloka kwezindawo ezibamba ukushisa, ukukhiqizwa okuphelele kwamakhukhamba notamatisi atshalwe endaweni evikelekile ngo-2022 kwafinyelela amathani ayi-182,400 kuphela, cishe ingxenye eyodwa kwezintathu ngaphansi kwamathani angama-256,500 avunwa ngo-2021.
Izifunda eziseningizimu yeKazakhstan, okuhlanganisa izindawo zaseTurkistan, Almaty, Zhambyl, kanye neShymkent, zenza u-76.3% wayo yonke imikhiqizo yemifino ebamba ukushisa. Lezi zifunda zinezimo zezulu ezivumayo, okwenza kushibhile ukutshala izitshalo ezindaweni ezivalekile uma kuqhathaniswa nobusika obunzima obutholakala ezindaweni ezisenyakatho nasempumalanga. Amapulazi esifunda saseTurkistan ahamba phambili ekuhlinzekeni ngemifino eluhlaza ezimakethe zaseKazakhstani.
Kodwa-ke, ubusika bango-2022 baba nomthelela omubi emapulazini aseningizimu ye-greenhouse ngenxa yamazinga okushisa angakaze abonwe ngaphambili. Amabhizinisi amaningi abamba ukushisa alahlekelwe kakhulu, ummeleli u-Saken Kanibekov we-Association of Greenhouse and Horticultural Farmers of Turkistan and Horticultural Farmers of Turkistan and Shymkent ubike ukuthi u-90% wamapulazi aseningizimu manje asezoqothuka.
Enye yezinselelo ezinkulu abalimi baseningizimu ababhekana nazo ngesikhathi sasebusika isimo esibucayi sokutholakala kwamalahle. Lapho amazinga okushisa ehla aze afike ku-30 degrees Celsius, izindawo eziningi zokugcina izithombo zazintula uphethiloli wokufudumeza. Ngisho nokwehla kancane kwezinga lokushisa izinsuku ezimbalwa kungacekela phansi umsebenzi wesizini wezitshalo ezibamba ukushisa. Ngenxa yalokho, abalimi kwadingeka balahle amathani amaningi katamatisi aqandisiwe.
Nokho, ukushoda kanye nezindleko eziphakeme zikaphethiloli kumane kungenye yezinto ezisohlwini olude lwezivimbi ezithiya ukuthuthukiswa kwebhizinisi le-greenhouse eKazakhstan. Sekuyiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu, ochwepheshe be-Association of Southern Greenhouse Farmers bethumela izincwadi kuMnyango Wezolimo, uNdunankulu, kanye noMongameli, begqamisa isimo esingesihle salo mkhakha wezolimo. Izinkinga zemboni yesistimu zinomthelela ekubizeni okuphezulu kwemifino, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphumula, umkhiqizo wasekhaya awukwazi ukuncintisana ngentengo namakhukhamba notamatisi angenisiwe. Ngisho noma kucutshungulwa izindleko zempahla kanye nezinye izindleko zokuthumela ngaphandle, abahlinzeki abavela emazweni angomakhelwane ase-Asia Ephakathi bangena emakethe yaseKazakhstani ngamanani aphansi. Ummeleli weNhlangano ukhulume ukuthi abalimi baseKazakhstani basebenza ngaphansi kwezimo ezingezona ukuncintisana ngenxa yomehluko omkhulu ezindlekweni zezinsiza.
Ukuze ulinganise inkundla yezokulima kanye nosomabhizinisi baseKazakhstani uma kuqhathaniswa nozakwabo emazweni angomakhelwane, abalimi kudala benxusa uhulumeni ukuthi ethule uxhaso lukahulumeni ngehektha ngalinye lwezindawo zokugcina izithombo kanye nesinxephezelo esiyingxenye yemithombo yamandla. Ngokusho kukaNgqongqoshe Wezolimo, u-Erbol Karashukeev, uhulumeni ulungele ukunikeza abalimi ababamba ukushisa, kodwa kufanele bathole kuqala isitifiketi sokuhambisana nobuchwepheshe bokukhiqiza.
Khonamanjalo, njengoba kwenziwa izithembiso zokubhekana nezinkinga zabalimi, amanani entengo yemifino eluhlaza ezitolo zaseKazakhstani adlule kakhulu izinga lokwehla kwamandla emali okudla. Lokhu kungafani kubonakala ikakhulukazi uma kuqhathaniswa inkomba yentengo yamakhukhamba nenkomba evamile yemikhiqizo yokudla. Phakathi nenkathi ephezulu yemifino ebamba ukushisa, kusukela ngoDisemba kuya kuNdasa, inani lentengo ngekhilogremu ngayinye yamakhukhamba lalisuka ku-957 laya ku-1,244 tenge, okukhuphuke ngo-47.5% kuya ku-56.8%. Ngokuphambene, ukukhuphuka kwentengo okumaphakathi kwakuphakathi kuka-25% kuya ku-26%.
Izintengo zikatamatisi ngesikhathi sokuphumula nazo zeqe i-1,000 tenge ngekhilogremu, kodwa uma kuqhathaniswa namakhukhamba, izinkomba zokwehla kwamandla emali zikatamatisi bezingekho phezulu kakhulu, zisuka ku-20% ziye ku-32%.
Ukwehla kwezindawo ezibamba ukushisa eKazakhstan kubangela izinselelo ezinkulu emkhakheni wezolimo wezwe, ikakhulukazi okuthinta ukukhiqizwa kwemifino. Ukwehliswa kwezindawo ezilinywayo kanye nokwehla kwezivuno okulandelayo kuholele ekwenyukeni kokuthembela emifino ebamba ukushisa evela kwamanye amazwe. Abalimi babhekana nezingqinamba eziningi, ezihlanganisa izindleko eziphezulu zamandla, ukuncika ezintweni ezithengwayo ezivela kwamanye amazwe, kanye nokwesekwa okwanele kukahulumeni. Izinyathelo eziphuthumayo, ezifana nezibonelelo zikahulumeni kanye nesinxephezelo semithombo yamandla, ziyadingeka ukuze kuvuselelwe imboni ye-greenhouse nokuqinisekisa ukusimama kwayo.