Ama-Strawberry abe yisitshalo esibalulekile iminyaka eminingi, kodwa ngaphandle kokubalekela inhlekelele ohambweni. Ngawo-1950s, ukukhiqizwa kwama-strawberry aseMelika kwakucekelwa phansi ukhunta olubola impande eyaziwa ngokuthi i-red steele.
“I-USDA’s Agricultural Research Service (ARS) yasiza, yasindisa imboni ngokuzalanisa inqwaba yezinhlobo zama-strawberry ezingamelana ne-red steele nezinye izinselele eziningi abalimi ababhekana nazo, njengezinambuzane, izifo, inkathi yokukhula okufushane kanye nobunzima. zokuvuna nezokuthutha. Umsebenzi we-ARS ocwaningweni lwamasitrobheli udlula kakhulu ngeminyaka yawo-'50s, noma kunjalo,” bayamemezela.
“Ukuzalaniswa kwama-strawberry esikhungweni se-ARS eBeltsville, MD, kwandulela amarobhothi,” kusho uKim Lewers, isazi socwaningo lwezakhi zofuzo e-ARS Genetic Improvement for Fruits and Vegetables Laboratory eBeltsville. I-USDA yaqala ucwaningo lwama-strawberry ngo-1910 futhi yathola ukuthi ungawagcina kanjani ama-strawberry ebomvu ngisho nangemva kokufakwa emathinini noma emakhazeni. "Izitshalo ze-strawberry ezakhiwe yi-USDA zaba ngezokuqala ukusinda ekuthunyelweni, okwadala imboni yama-strawberry."
I-ARS idala izinhlobo zamasitrobheli ezimelana ngokwemvelo nokubola kwezithelo futhi zikhiqize izithelo ezihlala zintsha isikhathi eside ngemva kokuvuna, kusho uLewers. Abalimi akudingeki basebenzise izibulala-zinambuzane ezivimbela ukubola, futhi abathengi bangajabulela lonke ukunambitheka kwama-strawberry awo isikhathi eside ngemva kokuthenga.”
Umkhondo wemvelo
I-ARS isiza ukuthuthukisa ubuchwepheshe obuthembisa ukuthuthukisa indawo ezungezile kubalimi besitrobheli. UFumi Takeda, uchwepheshe wezitshalo ocwaninga ngezithelo ze-Appalachian Fruit Research Station e-Kearneysville, WV, usebenzisana nozakwabo bemboni ukuze bakhe umshini oqeda isidingo sezibulala-zinambuzane. Isebenza ngokukhanyisa ukukhanya kwe-ultraviolet (UV) ezitshalweni nasezilokazaneni zazo ebusuku.
"Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kubulala ama-microorganisms kanye nezinambuzane ze-arthropod ngokulimaza i-DNA yazo," kusho u-Takeda. Ukukhanya kwe-UV-C kuvamise ukusetshenziselwa ukubulala amagciwane lapho kuvalwa inzalo emoyeni ezibhedlela, ukwelashwa kwamanzi, amabhentshi aselabhorethri, kanye nokwelashwa kwenyama nemikhiqizo yenkukhu.
"Ukusetshenziswa kokukhanya kwe-UV ekukhiqizeni izitshalo kunqunyelwe ngoba imithamo edingekayo yokubulala amagciwane ezitshalo ngokuvamile idala ukulimala kwezitshalo, njengokushiswa kwamaqabunga nezimbali nokuwohloka kwamaqabunga," esho. "Ucwaningo lwethu bekuwukwenza izindlela zokwelapha ze-UV-C ezisebenza kahle kakhulu ekulawuleni izifo nokulawula izinambuzane ngaphandle kokulimaza izitshalo futhi ezingabizi kakhulu."
Ukwelapha ebusuku
U-Takeda nozakwabo bathola ukuthi ukwelapha ama-strawberry ebusuku kubavumela ukuthi basebenzise imithamo ephansi kakhulu yokukhanya kwe-UV-C ukuze babulale amagciwane ahlosiwe kanye nezinambuzane, kuyilapho kungalimazi izitshalo zamasitrobheli. Umphumela uba ipulazi lama-strawberry esimeme kakhulu elonga imali futhi lisize imvelo ngokusebenzisa amakhemikhali amancane.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe:
US Department of Agriculture
+1 202 720 2791
askusda@usda.gov
www.usda.gov