Ipulazi eliqondile elinendawo engu-50 sq. m. m ikuvumela ukuthi uthole u-300 kg wohlaza njalo ngenyanga.
Ubuchwepheshe obusha bokulima basemadolobheni bebuqhutshwa enhlokodolobha iminyaka engu-5 edlule, kukhula amakhambi amasha nemifino emapulazini aqondile. Zitholakala ezindaweni zokugcina izimpahla, futhi amaMuscovites ngokuvamile awaqapheli ukuthi uJuni waphakade kanye nelanga kusebhokisini likakhonkolo. Ngosizo lwe-biotechnologies, ama-exotics nawo angatshalwa edolobheni, isibonelo, izimbali ezidliwayo noma utshani obuyikristalu.
Umnotho oqondile
I-biotechnologies yokukhiqiza imifino namakhambi endaweni yasemadolobheni isetshenziswa izinkampani zaseRussia nasemhlabeni jikelele. Isibonelo, i-iFarm itshala ama-strawberry emapulazini aqondile futhi ikhiqiza ubuchwepheshe bokutshala amakhambi amasha, amajikijolo nezimbali ezidliwayo endlini unyaka wonke. Inkampani yase-Italy i-Fibonacci ithengisa imishini eRussia yepulazi lezolimo lasekhaya elingangena efulethini elijwayelekile. I-CityCrop iphinde inikeze nobuchwepheshe bokutshala imifino nemifino unyaka wonke ngomqondo wezindonga eziqondile. Abakhiqizi bathembisa ukuthi indlela ye-modular izosindisa isikhala sezithombo, yenze kube lula ukunakekelwa kwezitshalo, futhi inciphise nezingozi ezihlobene nesici somuntu.
Ubuchwepheshe bokukhulisa amasaladi, amajikijolo nemifino eRussia busetshenziswa emapulazini aqondile ezimboni. Ngosizo lwesistimu yezinzwa, ukukhanya okukhethekile, ukulawulwa kwesimo sezulu usebenzisa ubuhlakani bokufakelwa, indawo elawulwayo enezimo ezikhulayo ezikhulayo zezitshalo ezahlukene zenzelwe izitshalo.
Ngokusho kuka-Alexander Lyskovsky, uMsunguli kanye noMphathi Omkhulu we-iFarm, kuze kufike ku-90% wemifino nemifino eMoscow akuzona zendawo. Lokhu kusho ukuthi imikhiqizo ingaqoqwa ingakavuthwa, ihanjiswe izinsuku ezimbalwa, inqatshelwe kuze kufike ku-30% futhi ithengiswe ezinsukwini ezingu-2-3, ngoba akunakwenzeka ukuyigcina isikhathi eside, abaphendulile bathi iVedomosti. The city” ongoti.
"Ukulima okuqondile kwenza kube nokwenzeka ukukhiqiza imikhiqizo enempilo endaweni," kusho uLyskovsky. “Zivunwa sezivuthiwe uma zinemisoco eningi, futhi zithunyelwa ukuthi zigcinwe emashalofini ngosuku olufanayo.” Ngokusho kwakhe, cishe amapulazi ayi-10 amile asebenza enhlokodolobha namuhla. Zingabanikazi bosomabhizinisi abazimele kanye nezakhiwo zezolimo ezilwela ukukhiqiza unyaka wonke.
Isibonelo, ipulazi elisebenzisa ubuchwepheshe be-iFarm eMoscow linikeza amathani angaba ngu-6.3 amasaladi amasha ezindaweni zokudlela nezitolo njalo ngenyanga, okuhlanganisa i-Azbuka Vkusa, Vkusville, i-X5 retail group kanye ne-Yandex.Shop, ummeleli wenhlangano uthe. Inkampani ye-Vertical Farms ikhula mayelana ne-250-300 kg ye-greenery (i-basil, amahlumela ezitshalo zemifino kanye namakhambi) ngenyanga ekamelweni lika-50 sq.
Ngokusho kuka-Alexey Aminov, umqondisi wenkampani ye-Vertical Farms, ubuchwepheshe bokulima bulula kakhulu. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, inzuzo iyashesha (amaviki angu-1-2), ukutshalwa kwezimali kokuqala kuncane, futhi umkhawulo uphezulu. Amapulazi anjalo athatha indawo encane: kungaba amakamelo ambalwa endaweni engaphansi, igaraji noma ama-rack amabili nje efulethini. “Uma ipulazi lingama-50 sq. m. m hlwanyela ukhukhamba kuphela, uzonikeza u-500-600 kg wamakhukhamba ngenyanga,” kubala u-Aminov.
Ubuchwepheshe bokulima emadolobheni bukuvumela ukuthi ukhule izitshalo ezingavamile, ezifunwa ngamanani amancane ezindaweni zokudlela, isibonelo, amakhambi aphunga amnandi, izinhlobo ze-basil ezinokunambitheka kwelamula noma i-anise, i-sorrel, i-shiso, iqabunga lesinaphi, utshani obuyikristalu. “Kunemikhiqizo okunzima ukuyilanda kude, isibonelo, izimbali ezidliwayo. Ngokushesha bayayeka ukusha, futhi akusizi ukuthwala isikhathi esingaphezu kosuku. Okuwukuphela kwenketho yokuvela kwemikhiqizo enjalo emakethe ukukhiqizwa kwe-ultralocalized yendawo, ”kusho u-Aminov.
Awukwazi ukwenza ngaphandle kwama-greenhouses
Azikho izithiyo ezingokomthetho ekukhuleni kwemikhiqizo emisha edolobheni: kunezindawo zokucwaninga eMoscow ezikhipha izitifiketi zokuvumelana. Ukuze wenze lokhu, imikhiqizo ihlolwe i-nitrate nezinye izinto eziyingozi.
Uma uthi nhlá, ukulima edolobheni kubukeka kukhanga kakhulu. Ngokungafani nezindawo zokugcina izithombo ezishintshashintshayo, okuthi, njengomthetho, zisetshenziswe izinyanga eziyisi-6 kuphela ngonyaka, ubuchwepheshe bokulima obuqondile bungasetshenziswa noma kuphi unyaka wonke. Ngisho naseMoscow, ngisho naseNorilsk. Kodwa akubona bonke ochwepheshe abalihlola kahle leli themba. Ngokusho kukaSergey Korshunov, uSihlalo weBhodi le-Union of Organic Agriculture, ilungu loMkhandlu Womphakathi woMnyango Wezolimo waseRussia Federation, ukulima kwedolobha akunakwenzeka ukuthola intuthuko ekhethekile eRussia, ngoba i-agrotechnology yokukhiqiza okunjalo inzima kakhulu. eqolo ngenxa kagesi kanye nemishini yobuchwepheshe.
“Emadolobheni ayizigidi, ikakhulukazi eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, izindawo zokuhlala ezibizayo. Akwenzeki ngokwezimali ukuyisebenzisela ipulazi ledolobha,” kuchaza uKorshunov. Ngokusho kwakhe, ngisho nemikhiqizo etshalwa emapulazini kunzima ukuyidayisa ngendlela ezoqinisekisa inzuzo yebhizinisi. Nakuba kushibhe kakhulu ukusebenzisa umhlaba kunamapulazi edolobha. Okuhlukile kungase kube izifunda ezisenyakatho, lapho, ngenxa yezici zezulu, kunzima ukuhlanganyela kwezolimo zendabuko, uchwepheshe wagcizelela.
Izixazululo zobuchwepheshe ezihlangene zabantu ngabanye kanye nemindeni esekela indlela yokuphila enempilo zingathuthukiswa eMoscow, uKorshunov ukholelwa. Izakhamizi eziningi zitshala imifino ezindlini zasehlobo, futhi ebusika zithuthela ezindlini futhi zikhule amakhambi amasha namasaladi ngaphansi kokukhanya okwenziwa. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, basebenzisa izindlela zobuchwepheshe obuphezulu kanye nezindlela zokukhiqiza - ama-hydroponics nama-LED. Ngakho, kuhlale kukhona i-parsley entsha, amaqabunga e-ulethisi no-anyanisi etafuleni.
Ukusetshenziswa kwamapulazi edolobha kungaba isiqondiso esithembisayo emadolobheni amakhulu, lapho kunesidingo semikhiqizo yekhwalithi ephezulu kakhulu, ukholelwa ukuthi u-Aminov wenkampani ye-Vertical Farms. Isibonelo, eMoscow, emazweni nasemadolobheni anezindleko eziphansi zikagesi (Norway), noma ezimweni zaseNyakatho naseMpumalanga Ekude, lapho kungenakwenzeka ukutshala imifino namakhambi ngenye indlela.
"Ukusetshenziswa kwezohwebo kobuchwepheshe bezolimo basemadolobheni kuyathembisa, njengoba kunemakethe yokuthengisa edolobheni," kusho u-Aminov. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, ukulima emadolobheni ngeke kukwazi ukuthatha indawo yezolimo ezinkulu esikhathini esizayo esibonakalayo. Izitshalo eziningi, kuhlanganise okusanhlamvu, izithelo nemifino, izitshalo zezimpande, zidinga izindawo ezinkulu, ukusetshenziswa komhlaba namandla okukhanya kwelanga. Ngaso leso sikhathi, amapulazi asemadolobheni angakwazi ukuhlanganisa imakethe yemikhiqizo yezolimo, uchwepheshe wafingqa.
Umthombo: https://www.vedomosti.ru