#Agriculture #GreenhouseCultivation #LEDLighting #StrawberryProduction #CropQuality #SustainableFarming
Eminyakeni yamuva nje, imboni yama-strawberry yaseCanada ibe nokwanda okumangalisayo kukho kokubili isithakazelo nokukhiqizwa. Abalimi baya ngokuya bephendukela ezindleleni zokulima i-greenhouse ukuze bahlangabezane nesidingo esikhula njalo sezithelo ezintsha zonyaka wonke. Ngokombiko wonyaka wokukhiqiza we-Statistics Canada, amakhilogremu angaphezu kwezigidi ezingu-6.2 ama-strawberries abamba ukushisa akhiqizwa eCanada ngo-2022, amele amaphawundi engeziwe angama-655,000 uma kuqhathaniswa no-2020. 19.1 ngenxa yamanani aphezulu kanye nokukhiqizwa okwandayo.
Umnyakazo obheke kuma-strawberries atshalwe ku-greenhouse uya ushuba, ugxile ekuthuthukiseni ukukhiqiza kanye nokuthola izinqubo ezihamba phambili. Izazi zezolimo namahlathi zihlola izici ezihlukahlukene ezithonya izinga kanye nenani lama-strawberries abamba ukushisa. Izimo zemvelo, okuhlanganisa ukukhanya, umswakama, nezinga lokushisa, zidlala indima ebalulekile ekukhiqizeni ngempumelelo.
Ukukhanyisa ama-Strawberries Atshalwe kuGreenhouse
Izinhlelo zokukhiqiza ama-strawberry abamba ukushisa zingahluka, kuhlanganise kokubili imithombo yezindaba engenamhlabathi kanye nezinhlelo ezisekelwe emhlabathini. Abalimi banokuguquguquka kokuhlakulela kokubili izinhlobo ezithela uJuni kanye nezinsuku ezingathathi hlangothi ku-greenhouse. Nokho, izici zemvelo ezifana nokukhanyisa zibalulekile. Izitshalo ze-Strawberry zidinga ukukhanya okukhulu, ikakhulukazi ekuqaleni kwentwasahlobo, ikwindla sekwephuzile, nezinyanga zasebusika lapho ukukhanya kwemvelo kunqunyelwe.
Nakuba ukukhanya okungeziwe kuvamile ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo, izibani zendabuko ezinomfutho ophezulu we-sodium (HPS) zinemikhawulo yazo. Izibani ze-HPS zikhiqiza ukushisa okukhulu, zikhawulela amandla okukhanya okungafakwa ezitshalweni. Lo mkhawulo uyinselele ezitshalweni ezingezwani nezinga lokushisa njengama-strawberry.
Izazi zezolimo namahlathi ezifana noRose Séguin waseSollum Technologies ziphakamisa ukuthi ukusebenzisa izibani ze-LED kunikeza isisombululo. Izibani ze-LED zinikeza abalimi ikhono lokukhulisa amandla okukhanya, okuholela ekuvuneni okuphezulu ngaphandle komphumela wokushisa okweqile. Isibonelo, umlimi ongase asebenzise ama-micromoles angu-120 ngezibani ze-HPS angakwazi ukuphusha ukuqina kuma-micromoles angu-200 esebenzisa izibani ze-LED, ngaleyo ndlela akhulise ukukhiqiza ngaphandle kokwengeza ukushisa okwengeziwe.
Ukukhanya okwengeziwe kuholela ekwandeni komsebenzi emaqabunga, okuholela ekukhiqizeni ushukela okuthuthukisiwe kanye nesivuno sezithelo. Nokho, umthelela wokukhanya ungahluka kuye ngezinhlobonhlobo zama-strawberry. Njengoba kuvela izinhlobo ezintsha, abalimi kufanele balungise izindlela zokupheka ezilula phakathi nesizini ukuze bakhulise amandla ezitshalo.
Ukubeka Ukukhanyisa Esivivinyweni
Abalimi abanjengoSavoura Group bebesebenza nezazi zezolimo namahlathi ukulungisa izimo zokukhula kahle. I-Savoura, ehlanganisa amahektha angu-40 ezindaweni ezingu-12 zokukhiqiza e-Québec, itshala ama-strawberry angathathi hlangothi phakathi kwezinye izitshalo. Basebenzisa ukukhanya okwenziwa kwezinye zezindlu zabo zokugcina izithombo ukuze banxephezele ngokuncipha kokukhanya kwemvelo phakathi nenkathi ebandayo. Amalambu e-Dynamic LED asetshenziselwe ukwandisa isivuno nekhwalithi.
Izibani ze-Dynamic LED, njengalezo ezisuka ku-Sollum Technologies, zinikeza inzuzo yokumodela yonke i-spectrum yokukhanya kwemvelo ngeresiphi yokukhanyisa yokwenziwa eyingqayizivele. Lokhu kuvumelana nezimo kuvumela abalimi ukuthi balungise ukukhanya ukuze bahlangabezane nezidingo ezithile zezitshalo, njengokucupha ukuqhakaza noma ukuvimbela ukulala ngesikhathi sasebusika.
Abalimi babike imiphumela ethembisayo ngaphansi kokukhanyisa kwe-LED okuguquguqukayo. Baye babona amazinga aphezulu kashukela kuma-strawberries kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ethuthukisiwe. Ukwengeza, ukuzivumelanisa nezimo kwama-LED ashukumisayo kunciphisa ingcindezi ezitshalweni ezibangelwa izinguquko ezingazelelwe ekukhanyeni kokukhanya, okwenza kube inketho eyonga amandla.
Impumelelo Yesikhathi esizayo ngokukhanyisa kwe-LED
Ngale kwezivuno ezithuthukisiwe kanye nekhwalithi yezithelo ethuthukisiwe, ucwaningo luyaqhubeka lokuhlola ukuthi ukukhanya kwe-LED kunganciphisa kanjani izinsongo ezifana ne-powdery mildew namanye amagciwane. Lolu cwaningo luhlose ukuthuthukisa ukuqina kwezitshalo nokunciphisa iphesenti lesithelo esithintekile.
Yize izimo zokukhanya zibalulekile, abalimi kufanele bakhumbule ukuthi kuyingxenye eyodwa nje yendida. Ukuze kuzuzwe isivuno esinempilo futhi kwandiswe izinzuzo zokulungiswa kokukhanyisa phakathi nesizini, ezinye izici ezibalulekile njengezinto ezihlanzekile, izimo ezifanele ze-rootzone, nokuqonda izici ezihlukahlukene kubaluleke ngokufanayo.
Izibani ze-Dynamic LED zishintsha ukutshalwa kwe-greenhouse strawberry, enikeza abalimi ikhono lokuthuthukisa ikhwalithi kanye nesivuno kuyilapho begcina izimo zokukhula ezifanele. Njengoba imboni yama-strawberry e-Canada iqhubeka ithuthuka, ukuhlanganiswa kwezixazululo zokukhanyisa ezintsha kuthembisa ikusasa eliqhakazile nelikhiqiza kakhudlwana kubalimi nakubathengi ngokufanayo.