#GreenhouseFarming #VegetableProduction #FungalDiseases #DiseaseManagement #CropProtection #IntegratedPestManagement #AgriculturalTechnology #HumidityControl
Njengoba amazinga okushisa eshintshashintsha futhi nomswakama ukhuphuka entwasahlobo, abalimi bemifino ye-greenhouse babhekana nengozi eyengeziwe yezifo ezikhunta njenge powdery mildew kanye ne-downy mildew. Lesi sihloko sinikeza imininingwane ekuboneni nasekuvimbeleni izifo ezivamile zokukhunta ezifana ne-powdery mildew kupelepele, ama-strawberries, amathanga, utamatisi, kanye ne-downy mildew kukhukhamba, ulethisi neklabishi. Kuxoxwa ngamasu asebenzayo okulawula izindawo ezibamba ukushisa kanye nokusebenzisa izindlela zokuvimbela ukuze kwehliswe umthelela walezi zifo ekuvunweni kwezitshalo kanye nekhwalithi.
Izifo zesikhunta ziyingozi enkulu ekukhiqizeni imifino ebamba ukushisa, ikakhulukazi ngezikhathi zokushintshashintsha kwezinga lokushisa kanye nomswakama ophezulu. Phakathi kwezinto ezikhathazayo ngokuyinhloko i-powdery mildew kanye ne-downy mildew, okungase kucekele phansi izitshalo uma kuyekwa kungabhekwanga.
I-Powdery Mildew: Lesi sifo sokukhunta sithinta izinhlobonhlobo zemifino, kuhlanganise nopelepele, ama-strawberry, amathanga, notamatisi. Okubonakala ngokukhula kwamachashaza amhlophe, ayimpuphu emaqabunga, iziqu, izithelo nezimbali, ukhunta oluyimpushana lukhula ezindaweni ezifudumele nezinomswakama nomoya ongemuhle. Ukutholwa kusenesikhathi kubalulekile ukuze kuvinjelwe ukusabalala kwayo, njengoba izicubu ezinamagciwane zigcina zibolile, okuholela ekulahlekelweni kwesivuno.
I-Downy Mildew: Ukhukhamba, ulethisi, neklabishi angenwa kalula yi-downy mildew, abonakala njengamachashaza aphuzi angavamile endaweni yamaqabunga. Njengoba lesi sifo siqhubeka, isikhunta esifiphele, esimhlophe kwakheka ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, sibe nsundu futhi sibangele ukufa kwezicubu. Ngokungafani ne-powdery mildew, i-downy mildew ikhula kahle ezindaweni ezipholile, ezimanzi, okwenza ukuqubuka kwentwasahlobo kuvame ezindaweni ezibamba ukushisa.
Ukuvimbela izifo zefungal kudinga izindlela zokuphatha ezisebenzayo:
Ukulawula Umswakama: Ukugcina amazinga omswakamo afanele ngaphakathi kwezindlu ezibamba ukushisa kubalulekile ukuze kuncishiswe ukukhula kwesikhunta. Amasistimu okungenisa umoya kanye namafeni angasiza ukuthuthukisa ukujikeleza komoya, ukunciphisa ukunqwabelana komswakama kanye nobungozi bezifo.
Ukuqapha Okujwayelekile: Ukuhlola okujwayelekile kwenza ukuthi kusheshe kutholwe izifo zokukhunta. Ukususwa ngokushesha kwezicubu zezitshalo ezinegciwane nokusebenzisa ama-fungicides kungasiza ekuvimbeleni ukusabalala kwezifo kuyo yonke i-greenhouse.
Ukulawulwa Kwezinambuzane Okudidiyelwe (IPM): Ukusebenzisa amasu e-IPM, njengokusebenzisa izibulala-sikhunta ezibhalisiwe nezilawuli zebhayoloji, kunikeza indlela ephelele yokulawula izifo kuyilapho kunciphisa umthelela wendawo.
U-Hee-Kyung Lee, umcwaningi e-Agricultural Technology Institute, ugcizelela ukubaluleka kokuqapha okuqaphile kanye nezinyathelo zokuvimbela ngezikhathi zokuguquguquka okukhulu kwezinga lokushisa. Weluleka abalimi be-greenhouse ukuthi babeke phambili ukulawulwa komswakama kanye nokulawulwa kwezifo ngokushesha besebenzisa izibulala-zinambuzane ezibhalisiwe ukuze bavikele izitshalo zabo ezifweni zesikhunta.
Izindlela zokuphatha ezisebenzayo kanye nokungenelela okufika ngesikhathi kubalulekile ekwehliseni umthelela wezifo ezikhunta ekukhiqizeni imifino ebamba ukushisa. Ngokusebenzisa indlela ebanzi yokuvimbela nokuphatha izifo, abalimi bangakwazi ukuvikela izitshalo zabo futhi bakhulise isivuno ngisho nasezimweni zemvelo eziyinselele.