Ngokwemiphumela yezinyanga eziyi-10 zika-2022, ukukhiqizwa kwama-champignon ezweni lethu kukhuphuke ngo-16% unyaka nonyaka.
Ijubane elihle. Ngokuvamile, imboni yamakhowe ibilokhu ikhombisa ukukhula okumangazayo iminyaka eminingana ilandelana, izikhathi eziningana ngaphambi kwesilinganiso somhlaba wonke. Ama-champignon abusa emakethe, abakhiqizi bawo babeka isigqi esisheshayo. I-Kursk Mushroom Rainbow, etshala njalo amakhowe wesihlanu ezweni, nayo ikhulise kakhulu ukuhlinzekwa kwamakhowe emakethe ezinyangeni ezedlule.
I-agro-enterprise ka-Alexander Udodov no-Oleg Logvinov yakhiwa "kusukela ekuqaleni" eduze kwaseKursk.
I-arithmetic yempumelelo
Kusukela ngoJanuwari kuya ku-Okthoba, amapulazi ezolimo akhule amathani angaphezu kwezinkulungwane eziyi-110 zama-champignon. Isilinganiso sesivuno sanyanga zonke sidlule amathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-11, okungamathani ayizinkulungwane ezingu-1.5 ngaphezu konyaka odlule. Ngakho-ke kubalwa encwadini ethi "Isikole Sokukhulisa Amakhowe", esiqapha ngokucophelela okwenzekayo emakethe yamakhowe. Ekupheleni konyaka, imboni ilindele amarekhodi amasha, futhi abangabazayo abathi amandla ayo okukhula aphelile kufanele baqeqeshwe kabusha ukuze babe nethemba. Ama-champignon abusa emakethe, abalelwa ngaphezu kwama-90%. Zitshalwa ngu-Alexander Udodov kanye no-Oleg Logvinov's Mushroom Rainbow kanye nezinye izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibamba ukushisa. Amakhowe ama-oyster asendaweni yesibili, kodwa avunwa kancane kakhulu, futhi isivuno asizinzile. Inani eliphakeme lafinyelelwa ngo-2019, lapho amapulazi ezolimo ekhula amathani angaphezu kuka-6,300, okulandelwa ukwehla kweminyaka emibili. Ekupheleni kwalo nyaka, cishe amathani ayi-6,500 alindelwe. Amakhowe angavamile akhona emakethe nge-assortment enhle. Lezi yi-shiitake, i-eringi, i-flammulin, i-folitota, esanda kuvuna isivuno sokuqala se-enoki esagolide. Noma kunjalo, ama-exotics angumkhiqizo we-niche, nakuba ukukhiqizwa kukhula ngokushesha. Ngokwezibikezelo ze-SHG, amathani angu-600 amakhowe angavamile azovunwa kulo nyaka.
Kusukela yethulwa, inkampani ikhulise ukunikezwa kwama-champignon emakethe izikhathi eziyisishiyagalombili
Kunezizathu eziningana zokunqotshwa okusheshayo kwemakethe ngama-champignon: intengo ekhangayo, izakhiwo zokudla okunomsoco kanye nezinzuzo zokupheka. Ochwepheshe bangangeza izinzuzo zezempilo lapha, kodwa bambalwa abathengi abakwaziyo lokhu okwamanje. Intengo, njengokujwayelekile, iyona nto ebaluleke kakhulu. Uma sibheka izitolo zaseMoscow, amanani entengo yama-champignon amasha ngo-2020 nango-2021 ehle esuka ku-310 kuya ku-250 ruble/kg. Lokhu kubalulekile. Kulo nyaka, amanani entengo yama-champignon ezitolo ezinkulu zenhloko-dolobha akhuphuke cishe ngo-12%, okungaphansi kwenyama nokusanhlamvu. Isizathu saleyo nqubomgomo yentengo enobungane kumakhasimende ukuncintisana okuphezulu emakethe yamakhowe. Muva nje, inani lamapulazi amakhowe selingaphezu kwesigamu. Izinkampani ezincane azikwazi ukumelana nomncintiswano futhi zishiye imakethe. Kodwa abadlali abakhulu, njengenkampani ka-Alexander Udodov no-Oleg Logvinov, bandisa umthamo wokukhiqiza.
Ama-Champignon alungele ukupheka izitsha ezihlukahlukene ekhaya nasengxenyeni yokudlela. Angaphekwa, athoswe, abhakwe, afakwe emanzini anosawoti, osiwe noma adliwe luhlaza, isibonelo kumasaladi. Kuyoba ezihlukahlukene ukunambitheka, kodwa ngesikhathi esifanayo ukudla okunempilo. Ngokombono wezinzuzo zomzimba, ama-champignon abhekwa njengenye yamakhowe amahle kakhulu. Kungumkhiqizo wokudla ohlanganisa amaprotheni, wonke ama-amino acid abalulekile, i-fiber (chitin), ama-unsaturated fatty acids, izakhi zokulandelela, amavithamini amaqembu B, C, D, nicotinic kanye ne-folic acid, i-calcium, i-phosphorus, i-potassium, insimbi.
Ngakho-ke ama-champignon amasha awukudla okunempilo kakhulu. Ngeshwa, kuncane okwaziwayo ngalokhu ezweni lakithi, futhi kwamanye amazwe izincomo zokuphila okunempilo zifaka i-100 g yamakhowe alinyiwe ekudleni kwansuku zonke.
Ama-Champignons a la rus
Umhlaba wamakhowe uhlukahlukene futhi ubanzi. Kunezimpawu zomhlaba wezitshalo nezilwane kumakhowe, kodwa lena umbuso wemvelo ohlukile. Ososayensi abazi inani eliqondile lezinhlobo zabo, ngokusho kwemithombo ehlukahlukene - kusukela ezinkulungwaneni eziyikhulu kuya kwesigidi nesigamu, izinkulungwane eziningana zazo ziyadliwa. Kodwa kukhona amakhowe atshaliwe angamashumi amabili kuphela (abafunde ukukhula ngokwenziwa) kuze kube manje.
Ngokomthamo wokukhiqizwa komhlaba wonke, i-champignon enamaqabunga aphindwe kabili iphumile emncintiswaneni, okuyinto eyivelakancane kakhulu endle, kodwa ikhula ngamaqembu amakhulu. Kwakuyikhowa leli eliphumelele umncintiswano wokulinywa, lithengiswa kakhulu emhlabeni wonke futhi liletha imali enhle emapulazini ezolimo.
Umkhiqizi we-1 wama-champignon ezweni lethu yinkampani yaseKursk "Mushroom Rainbow".
Kukholelwa ukuthi ama-champignon aqala ukutshalwa eFrance, nakuba amaNtaliyane engavumelani nalokhu futhi afakazela ukuthi intende yesandla kuleli cala ingeyezwe labo.
Noma kunjalo, ukutshalwa kwama-champignon kwabhalwa maphakathi nekhulu le-XVII ezinkwalini eduze kwaseParis. Kusukela eFrance, umkhiqizo omusha wasakazwa kulo lonke elaseYurophu, eRussia waqala ukutshalwa kusukela maphakathi nekhulu XVIII. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi igama elithi "champignon", eliye lagxila olimini lwethu, libolekwe kwisiFulentshi, lapho lisho "amakhowe".
Ngekhulu le-XIX nasekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-XX, abalimi baseRussia bathola impumelelo enkulu ku-champignonage. Izinto abazisungulile kanye nabasunguli bazo ziklonyeliswe ngezindondo emibukisweni yamazwe ngamazwe. Omunye wamavulandlela wokutshala amakhowe, u-Yefim Grachev, ongowokuzalwa kubalimi, wagcizelela ukuthi into eyinhloko ekukhuleni kwama-champignon ukulungiswa kwenhlabathi efanele. Lokhu kusabalulekile nanamuhla. Kwakungokwethulwa kokukhiqiza kwabo umquba lapho uHoopoes noLogvins baqala khona umsebenzi wabo wamakhowe. Ngobusuku beMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, amakhulukhulu ezindawo zokugcina izithombo zamakhowe zasebenza eRussia, amakhowe alethwa emakethe amasha, afakwe emanzini anosawoti futhi aqala ngisho nokufakwa ethini.
Umquba wezinga eliphezulu uyadingeka ekukhuliseni ama-champignon amnandi nanempilo
E-Russia yanamuhla, imakethe yamakhowe ibiphila ngokuthengwa kwamanye amazwe isikhathi eside, ama-champignon ayisishiyagalolunye kwayishumi angeniswa evela phesheya, ikakhulukazi evela ePoland.
Isimo saqala ukushintsha ngemva kuka-2014, lapho indlela eya eRussia ivaliwe ngemikhiqizo yamakhowe evela emazweni amaningi. Ukufakwa esikhundleni sokungenisa amakhowe kwaqala, ukutshalwa kwezimali kwangena embonini, kwakhiwa izakhiwo ezinkulu ezibamba ukushisa kwama-champignon akhulayo.
NgoJuni 2017, amaqoqo okuqala emikhiqizo yawo afakwa emakethe ngu-"Mushroom Rainbow" ka-Alexander Udodov no-Oleg Logvinov. Ekuqaleni kwalo nyaka, inkampani yayisikhulise amandla ayo okukhiqiza izikhathi eziyisishagalombili futhi yadala imisebenzi engamakhulu ayishumi nanhlanu. Umthamo wokutshalwa kwezimali udlule ama-ruble ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10. Imakethe yamakhowe ilingana nomholi. Eminyakeni emithathu edlule, amapulazi amakhowe abelokhu enyusa isivuno sama-champignon ngo-18-20% ngonyaka. Imakethe yamakhowe enesabelo esingaphezu kuka-90% ibuswa yimikhiqizo yasekhaya, ukuthunyelwa kwamanye amazwe emazweni angomakhelwane sekuqalile. Kulo nyaka kuzoba nokwanda okuphawulekayo ekuqoqweni kwama-champignon futhi. Ngokubuka kweminyaka eminingana, imakethe yamakhowe inesikhala sokukhula. Lena imakethe yokuncintisana enempilo ekhuphukayo.
Umthombo: https://www.agroinvestor.ru