Ngo-2018, amaqembu amahlanu akhule ukhukhamba ku-Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge ukuncintisana kwamanye amazwe. I-twist: iqembu elilodwa kuphela elakhiwe abalimi abanolwazi abasebenzisa i-greenhouse compartment yabo mathupha. Amaqembu amane asele ahlanganisa ochwepheshe bamazwe ngamazwe emkhakheni we-horticulture and Artificial Intelligence (AI). Basebenze ukuthuthukisa izixazululo ze-AI ukuze baphathe izitshalo zabo bekude futhi bezimele. Inhloso yalo mqhudelwano, i-Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge yokuqala emhlabeni, bekuwukugqugquzela impumelelo ekukhiqizeni ukudla okusimeme.
Ngemva kwezinyanga ezine ezinzima, abalimi bezandla baphume endaweni yesibili. Ithimba elisendaweni yokuqala, eliholwa ngomunye wababhali balesi sihloko, liwine ngesixazululo esikhulayo esizimele esingazuzanga kuphela isivuno esikhulu esingu-6% kanye nenzuzo ephezulu engu-17%, kodwa futhi sasebenzisa i-CO encane.2, okokufaka kokushisisa, namanzi.
Ukuze ufunde kabanzi mayelana nomncintiswano futhi uqonde ukuthi isixazululo se-AI singaqhudelana kanjani - futhi size siphumelele - ithimba labalimi abanekhono, ake sibhekisise i-AI nokuthi ihlobana kanjani ne-greenhouse automation.
I-Greenhouse Automation Akuyona Into Entsha
Sekungamashumi eminyaka abalimi besebenzisa amakhompyutha, izinzwa, nama-actuator ukulawula isimo sezulu esibamba ukushisa nokunisela. Esimweni esinjalo, umsebenzi wekhompyutha yenqubo uqondile, uncike emithethweni elula enengqondo. Uma izinga lokushisa lomoya lingaphezu kuka-75 ° F, vula i-vent, isibonelo. Umsebenzi oyisicefe wokufunda amazinga okushisa nokukhanyisa nokucisha izibani namahitha unikezwa imishini.
Yiqiniso, i-automation esekelwe emithethweni ayikwazi ukubhekana nezimo ezingalindelekile. Okubaluleke nakakhulu, umuntu onekhono udinga ukwenza zonke izinqumo zokuphatha izitshalo, kuze kufike lapho kubekwe khona imingcele yemvelo. Ukuze uzuze isivuno esiphezulu ngokwethembeka, kudingeka izinga elikhulu lolwazi nekhono, futhi nalapho, kulula ukwenza amaphutha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, njengoba amapulazi ekhula, umsebenzi wokuqapha izitshalo ngokuqhubekayo uba nzima nakakhulu.
Ngeshwa, abalimi bazi kahle kamhlophe ukuthi umsebenzi ungumthombo omkhulu wezinkinga ekukhiqizeni. Unyaka nonyaka, ngo I-Greenhouse Grower's Inhlolovo yeTop 100 Growers, abalimi babika izinselelo hhayi kuphela ngezindleko zabasebenzi kodwa nangokutholakala kwabasebenzi abanamakhono. Akumangalisi ukuthi abalimi baya ngokuya befuna izindlela zokubhekana nalezi zinselele, okuhlanganisa nobuchwepheshe obusha obungenza ukuphathwa kwe-greenhouse kuzimele.
I-AI Isinyathelo Esingaphezu Kwemithetho Esekelwe Ngokuzenzakalela
Indlela enhle yokucabanga ngobuhlakani bokwenziwa ukuthi kuyisinyathelo esingaphezu kokuzenzakalela okusekelwe emithethweni. I-AI yesimanje imayelana nokusetshenziswa kwezibalo ukuthola amaphethini kudatha, okuhlanganisa uhlobo olutholakala ku-greenhouse Environmental systems kanye ne-biological systems. Ngokwesibonelo:
- Ngedatha eyanele yesimo sezulu, abalimi bangasebenzisa i-AI ukuze banqume izindawo ezifanele futhi benze izibikezelo zesimo sezulu.
- Ngedatha eyanele yesivuno, abalimi bangasebenzisa i-AI ukuze benze izibikezelo zesivuno.
- Ngedatha eyanele yesithombe, abalimi bangasebenzisa i-AI ukuze bathole izinambuzane nezifo.
Ezinye izinhlobo ze-AI zingakwazi ukufunda kudatha entsha, zilethe imiphumela engcono kakhulu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi.
Ngokukwazi ukuhlinzeka ngemininingwane ejulile ekusebenzeni kwansuku zonke kwe-greenhouse, i-AI ingasetshenziselwa ukusekela ukuthathwa kwezinqumo kochwepheshe kanye nokunika abalimi amandla ngendlela ezuzisayo. Phela, imiphumela engcono kakhulu ivela ekuhlanganiseni okucatshangelwayo kobuhlakani bomuntu kanye nobuhlakani bokwenziwa.
Indlela esekelwe kudatha ye-AI ingabuye ihlanganiswe nendlela yakudala esekelwe emithethweni, okuvumela izinga eliphakeme kakhulu le-greenhouse automation kunangaphambili. Ngamafuphi, abalimi bangasebenzisa i-AI ukwenza imisebenzi eminingi yerote ngokuzenzakalelayo, ukusiza ukukhulula izinkinga zabasebenzi ezingalapheki ezibekela imboni inselelo.
Idatha Ingamafutha e-AI
Njengoba i-AI imayelana nama-algorithms ezibalo, imayelana nedatha. Ngokuphambene nenkolelo evamile, amanye ama-algorithms ajwayelekile asetshenziswa ku-AI asenamashumi eminyaka ikhona. Abayona ngisho inkimbinkimbi kakhulu. Kodwa isikhathi eside kakhulu, ukutholakala kwedatha - kanye namandla ekhompyutha athengekayo adingekayo ukuze kucutshungulwe idatha - kube yizinto ezikhawulelayo.
Kuthathe intuthuko yakamuva yehadiwe yekhompuyutha ukuvula amandla e-AI. Uguquko lwama-smartphone, olwaqalwa i-Apple ngo-2007, lwadala imvelo entsha yokukhiqiza kanye namaketanga wokuhlinzeka emhlabeni wonke. Lokhu kwashintsha ezomnotho eziyisisekelo ze-hardware yekhompiyutha, kwabonakala ngokuphazima kweso. Izingxenye zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ezingukhiye, njengama-microprocessors, amarediyo, nezinzwa, ziye zashibhe kakhulu, zaba zincane, futhi zaba namandla kakhulu. Ukukhohlisa kwedatha eluhlaza kuphenduke izikhukhula. Ubuningi obusha bedatha namandla okuhlanganisa kusize ukuguqula i-AI isuke ekubeni nelukuluku locwaningo enezinhlelo ezimbalwa zokuhweba ibe uguquko lolwandle lwezobuchwepheshe.
I-IoT iletha Inala Yedatha
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1980, abafundi abaneziqu e-Carnegie Mellon University e-Pittsburgh bacasulwa ukuhamba beya emshinini wokuthengisa we-Coca-Cola kodwa bawuthola ungenalutho. Bayishintshile ukuze ikwazi ukubika isitokwe sayo ku-inthanethi. Ngokwenza kanjalo, basungula umshini wokuqala oxhumeke ku-inthanethi emhlabeni.
Namuhla, izigidi zezigidi zamadivayisi, amakhulu namancane, kusukela kumishini kagesi esetshenziswa abathengi ukuya emishinini yezimboni, zijoyine lowo mshini wokuqala wesoda ekuxhumekeni ku-inthanethi, kwakheka lokho okwaziwa ngokuthi I-inthanethi Yezinto (IoT). Okubalulekile ukuthi, ngokungafani nezizukulwane zangaphambili zezingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha - okuhlanganisa izixazululo eziningi ezivamile ze-greenhouse automation - amadivaysi e-IoT asebenzisa izinhlobo ezifanayo zefomethi yedatha nezinqubo zokuxhumana ezisetshenziswa kwenye indawo ku-inthanethi. Ngokuthembela ezindinganisweni ze-inthanethi zomhlaba wonke, kungaba lula ukushintshanisa idatha namadivayisi we-IoT ngaphandle kokudinga ihadiwe eyengeziwe ukuze ibhuloho isuka kolunye uhlobo lwesistimu iye kolunye.
Ngokuhlangene, i-AI ne-IoT ubuchwepheshe obuhambisanayo. Izingxenyekazi zekhompuyutha ze-IoT zisiza abalimi ukuthi baqoqe idatha eluhlaza kusuka ezindlini zokugcina izithombo kalula. Futhi isofthiwe ye-AI isiza abalimi ukuba benze umqondo - futhi bathathe isinyathelo - kuleyo datha ukuthuthukisa ukukhiqizwa kwezitshalo.
Indaba eyisibonelo: Impumelelo ka-Kenneth Tran ku-Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge
UDkt. Tran: Ngo-2018, ngangingumcwaningi we-AI ku-Microsoft Research eduze kwase-Seattle, ngisebenza ohlotsheni olusha lwe-AI olwaziwa ngokuthi ukufunda kokuqinisa. Lapho ngaqala umzamo omusha wokusebenzisa ucwaningo lwethu emkhakheni wokulawulwa kwezolimo endaweni. Ngalokho okubizwa nge-Sonoma project, sibambisene nososayensi bezitshalo e-Harrow Research Centre e-Ontario, eCanada, futhi sagcina sesiqhudelana ku-Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge yokuqala yamazwe ngamazwe, eyayihlelwe yi-Wageningen University & Research eNetherlands.
Kule nselelo, iqembu ngalinye likhule ukhukhamba endaweni ebamba ukushisa engamamitha-skwele angama-315 isikhathi esingangezinyanga ezine. Lawa makhompiyutha afakwe amakhompiyutha ajwayelekile, izinzwa zesimo sezulu, nama-actuator. Sisebenzisa i-IoT digital interfaces (REST APIs), izinhlelo zethu ze-AI zingaqhubeka nokufunda idatha kusuka kuzinzwa, zinqume ama-setpoints alungile, futhi zithumele ama-setpoints emuva kumakhompyutha wenqubo - kuyo yonke i-inthanethi (bona umfanekiso ngezansi). Imininingwane eyengeziwe mayelana nenselele kanye nemiphumela yayo ingatholakala ku-athikili ethi Hemming et al. (2019).
Naphezu kokuntula kwethu isipiliyoni ekukhuliseni ukhukhamba kanye nesibonelo sethu sangaphambi kwesikhathi, isixazululo sethu sokukhula esizimele sikwazile ukunqoba umncintiswano. Saze saphumelela ukwedlula iqembu eliphume endaweni yesibili, ithimba lezithenjwa elakhiwe abalimi abangongoti base-Dutch, elinesivuno esiphezulu esingu-6%. Leyo ngxenye yesivuno ibilingana nokwenyuka kwenzuzo yokusebenza ngo-17%.
Ingabe ithimba lezithenjwa lenze kabi? Lutho neze. Basebenze kahle kakhulu, ngokusho kochwepheshe abaningi. Isivuno sabo sasicishe sibe ngu-50 kg/m2 esikhathini esiyizinyanga ezine, okulingana cishe ne-150 kg/m2 ngonyaka. Lokhu kubhekwa njengesivuno esiphezulu se-greenhouse noma yikuphi emhlabeni.
Njengomphumela we-Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge, ngasungula i-Koidra ngo-2020 ukuze yakhele ngokuqondile phezu kwesifundo sethu futhi ngiqhubekisele phambili nokuphusha isimo sesimanje ku-AI ne-IoT kwezolimo nezinye izinhlelo zokusebenza zokulawula izimboni.
Ukubuza Imibuzo Elungile Mayelana ne-AI ne-IoT
Namuhla, abalimi abaningi be-greenhouse bazimisele futhi balungele ukusebenzisa i-AI ne-IoT. Inselele enkulu wukwenza umqondo ngemikhiqizo emakethe futhi ukwazi ukuzulazula kuzo zonke izinkulumo zokumaketha. Izinkampani eziningi zifuna ngokulangazela ukuthi zine-algorithm ye-AI noma idivayisi ye-IoT ezosebenzela izindawo zokugcina izithombo.
Nazi ezinye izinto ezibalulekile okufanele uzikhumbule lapho uhlola isoftware ye-AI ne-IoT hardware:
- Performance: Abalimi kufanele bakwazi ukubona izinzuzo ezibonakalayo, zomhlaba wangempela. Buza: Ingabe i-AI ifakazelwe ekukhiqizweni kwezentengiso ukuthuthukisa isivuno nokusebenza kahle kwezinsiza? Ngaphansi kwaziphi izimo? Ithini irekhodi lenkampani ekuthuthukiseni isoftware ye-AI ne-IoT?
- Idizayini ye-AI: Izixazululo ze-AI ezisebenza kahle kakhulu zihlanganisa ubuhlakani bomuntu obuhle kakhulu nobuhlakani bokwenziwa obungcono kakhulu ukwenza izinqumo. Buza: Imodeli ye-AI iwusebenzisa kanjani amandla umzimba okhona wolwazi? Iqinisekisa kanjani ukuthi ukusebenza kuzothuthuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi ngedatha eyengeziwe?
- Isakhiwo sesofthiwe: Abalimi kufanele bahlale belawula ukusebenza kwe-greenhouse. Buza: Yiziphi izimiso zokuklama isofthiwe ezisetshenziswayo ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha kwezitshalo? Ngingakwazi yini ukushintsha kalula phakathi kwamamodi okwenziwa ngesandla, okunconyiwe, nawokuhlola okuzenzakalelayo ngaso sonke isikhathi?
- Ubunikazi bedatha: Abalimi kufanele babe ngabanikazi bedatha yabo futhi bagweme “ukukhiyelwa ngaphakathi komthengisi.” Buza: Ngingakwazi ukungenisa kalula idatha kusuka kwamanye amasistimu? Ngingakwazi ukwenza isipele futhi ngithekelise idatha yami? Ingabe akhona ama-API avumela ukufinyelela kwedatha ebukhoma nokuhlanganiswa ngokwezifiso? Ngingakwazi ukusebenzisa isofthiwe ne-hardware evela kubathengisi abahlukene, manje nasesikhathini esizayo?
I-AI ne-IoT Inganika Abalimi Amandla
Ezweni lapho izinsiza ezibalulekile - amanzi namandla, kanye nesikhathi, imali, kanye nezisebenzi ezinamakhono - ziya zintuleka kakhulu, kunengqondo ukuhlola ubuchwepheshe obusha ukuze kwehliswe lowo mthwalo. Njengoba sifundile ku-Autonomous Greenhouse Challenge, abalimi bangakwazi ngempela ukuzuza isivuno esikhulu kanye nempumelelo ephezulu yokusetshenziswa kwezinsiza ngokusetshenziswa kwesofthiwe ye-AI ne-IoT hardware. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lobu buchwepheshe buyaqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa futhi buthuthukisiwe ngesivinini esisheshayo.
Ekugcineni, i-AI ne-IoT inganika ngempela amandla abalimi be-greenhouse - ukwenza izinqumo ezingcono, ukwenza okuningi ngokuncane - ukukhulisa ukudla komhlaba ngokuqhubekayo.