Okwenzeka ngaphansi komhlaba ensimini yombila kulula ukungakunaki, kodwa ukwakheka kwezimpande zombila kungadlala indima ebalulekile ekutholeni amanzi nezakhi, kuthinte ukubekezelela isomiso, ukusebenza kahle kokusetshenziswa kwamanzi, kanye nokusimama. Uma abalimi bengakwazi ukukhuthaza izimpande zommbila ukuthi zikhule phansi endaweni ephakeme, isilimo singase sifinyelele izinsiza ezibalulekile ekujuleni kwenhlabathi.
Isinyathelo sokuqala salowo mgomo ukufunda izakhi zofuzo ezihilelekile ku- gravitropism, ukukhula kwezimpande kusabela kumandla adonsela phansi. Ocwaningweni olusha olushicilelwe ku Izinqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences, ososayensi baseNyuvesi yaseWisconsin, ngokubambisana nabacwaningi eNyuvesi yase-Illinois. khomba izakhi zofuzo ezine ezinje emmbila kanye nesitshalo esiyimodeli i-Arabidopsis.
Lapho imbewu emilayo iphendulwa ohlangothini lwayo, ezinye izimpande ziphenduka ngokuzumayo, zibheke kumandla adonsela phansi, kuyilapho ezinye zijika ingxenye encane kancane kancane. Abacwaningi basebenzise izindlela zokubona komshini ukuze babone umehluko ocashile ku-gravitropism yezimpande ezinkulungwaneni zezithombo futhi bahlanganisa leyo datha nolwazi lofuzo lwesithombo ngasinye. Umphumela wenze imephu indawo okungenzeka yezakhi zofuzo ze-gravitropism ku-genome.
Imephu ithole abacwaningi endaweni efanele ku-genome - izifunda zamakhulu ambalwa ezakhi zofuzo - kodwa babesekude kakhulu nokukhomba izakhi zofuzo ezithile ze-gravitropism. Ngenhlanhla, babenethuluzi elingasiza.
“Ngenxa yokuthi sake senza ucwaningo olufanayo ngesitshalo esihlobene kakhulu ne-Arabidopsis, sakwazi ukufanisa izakhi zofuzo ezindaweni ezifanele ze-genome kuzo zombili izinhlobo. Ukuhlolwa kokulandelela kuqinisekise ubunikazi bezakhi zofuzo ezine ezishintsha i-root gravitropism. Ulwazi olusha lungasisiza siqonde ukuthi amandla adonsela phansi abumba kanjani izakhiwo zesistimu yezimpande,” kusho u-Edgar Spalding, uprofesa eMnyangweni Wezezitshalo eNyuvesi yaseWisconsin kanye nombhali oholayo wocwaningo.
U-Matt Hudson, uprofesa eMnyangweni wezeSayensi yezitshalo eNyuvesi yase-Illinois kanye nombhali wezifundo, uyanezela, “Sibheke isici sommbila esingacwaningiwe esibalulekile ngenxa yezizathu eziningi, ikakhulukazi esimweni sokuguquguquka kwesimo sezulu. . Futhi sikwenze ngokwenza umehluko wokuziphendukela kwemvelo phakathi kwezitshalo usisebenzele.”
Ummbila kanye ne-Arabidopsis, isihlobo esincane sesinaphi esichazwe ngokugcwele yizazi zezitshalo zezitshalo, savela cishe eminyakeni eyizigidi ezingu-150 ngokuhlukana emlandweni wokuziphendukela kwemvelo. U-Hudson uchaza ukuthi nakuba zombili lezi zinhlobo zihlanganyela imisebenzi eyisisekelo yezitshalo, izakhi zofuzo ezizilawulayo cishe ziye zaxubana ku-genome ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Lokho kuvele kube yinto enhle yokunciphisa izakhi zofuzo ezivamile.
Ezinhlotsheni ezisondelene kakhulu, izakhi zofuzo zivame ukuhleleka cishe ngokulandelana okufanayo ku-genome (isb., ABCDEF). Nakuba izakhi zofuzo ezifanayo zingase zibe khona ezinhlotsheni ezikude ezihlobene, ukuhleleka kofuzo esifundeni isici esiboniswa kuso akufani (isb., UGRBZ). Ngemuva kokuthi abacwaningi bekhombe ukuthi bangabheka kuphi ku-genome ngayinye, ukulandelana kofuzo okungafani kwenze ukuthi ufuzo olujwayelekile (kulokhu B) luphume.
“Bengicabanga ukuthi kuhle kakhulu ukuthi sikwazi ukuhlonza izakhi zofuzo ebesingeke sizithole ngenye indlela ngokuqhathanisa izikhawu ze-genomic ezinhlobonhlobo zezitshalo ezingahlobene,” kusho u-Hudson. “Besiqiniseka ukuthi ziyizakhi zofuzo ezifanele lapho ziphuma kulokhu kuhlaziywa, kodwa iqembu lika-Spalding labe selichitha iminyaka eyisikhombisa noma eyisishiyagalombili lithola idatha eqinile yebhayoloji ukuze liqinisekise ukuthi liyabamba iqhaza ku-gravitropism. Sesikwenzile lokho, ngicabanga ukuthi sesiyiqinisekisile yonke indlela yokuthi esikhathini esizayo, ungasebenzisa le ndlela kuma-phenotypes amaningi ahlukene. "
U-Spalding uphawula ukuthi indlela cishe yaba yimpumelelo ikakhulukazi ngoba izilinganiso ezinembile zenziwe endaweni efanayo.
“Ngokuvamile, abacwaningi bommbila bazokala izici zabo zokuthakasela ensimini, kuyilapho abacwaningi be-Arabidopsis bevame ukukhulisa izitshalo zabo emagumbini okukhula,” usho kanje. "Silinganise i-root gravitropism phenotype ngendlela elawulwa kakhulu. Lezi zinhlamvu zatshalwa epuletini le-petri, futhi ukuhlolwa kwathatha amahora ambalwa, ngokuphambene nezici ongase uzilinganise emhlabeni wangempela ezivulekele zonke izinhlobo zokuhlukahluka. "
Ngisho nalapho izici zingalinganiswa endaweni efanayo, akuzona zonke izici ezenza abantu abafaneleka kule ndlela. Abacwaningi bagcizelela izici okukhulunywa ngazo kufanele zibe yisisekelo ekusebenzeni kwezitshalo eziyisisekelo, ukuqinisekisa ukuthi izakhi zofuzo zasendulo zikhona ezinhlotsheni ezingahlobene.
"I-Gravitropism ingase ibe lula kakhulu ukutadisha ngale ndlela ngoba bekungaba yisihluthulelo sokukhethekile kwamahlumela nezimpande ngemuva kokwenziwa kwekoloni ngempumelelo yomhlaba," kusho uSpalding.
U-Hudson uphawula ukuthi i-gravitropism izoba yisihluthulelo sokwenza ikoloni yendawo ehlukile, futhi.
“I-NASA inentshisekelo yokutshala izitshalo kwamanye amaplanethi noma emkhathini futhi badinga ukwazi ukuthi uzozalanisa ini ukuze wenze lokho,” usho kanje. "Izitshalo zihlakazekile ngaphandle kwamandla adonsela phansi."
Isihloko esithi, “Leveraging orthology within maize and Arabidopsis QTL ukuhlonza izakhi zofuzo ezithinta ukuhlukahluka kwemvelo ku-gravitropism,” ishicilelwe ku Izinqubo ze-National Academy of Sciences [I-DOI: 10.1073/pnas.2212199119]. Ucwaningo luxhaswe yiNational Science Foundation.
Umnyango Wesayensi Yezitshalo useKolishi Lesayensi Yezolimo, Abathengi kanye Nezemvelo eNyuvesi yase-Illinois Urbana-Champaign.
Umthombo: https://www.sciencedaily.com