I-Honeydew iyisisombululo esinoshukela esikhiqizwa izinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene ze izinambuzane, ikakhulukazi lawo adla ngokufaka i-proboscis yawo emithanjeni ye-phloem yesitshalo. Le mikhumbi ithwala ushukela oncibilikisiwe nezinye izakhi isitshalo sonke, futhi izinambuzane ezimuncayo zisebenzisa imilomo yazo efana ne-spike ukuze zifinyelele ukugeleza kwezinto ezinhle. Ngokumangalisayo, lapho isinambuzane singena oketshezini futhi siqala ukumunca, umfutho ophakeme womkhumbi we-phloem ubangela ukuba kuphume amaconsi amakhulu oju endunu yalesi sinambuzane. Iwumthombo obalulekile wokudla kwezinye izinambuzane, kuhlanganise nezinhlobo ezahlukene zezintuthwane.
Nakuba ukwakheka kwamakhemikhali oju kuhlolisisiwe ngokombono wokudla kwawo ezintuthwaneni nezinye izinhlobo eziwudlayo, ubunjalo bezingxenye ezishintshashintshayo (noma ezinukayo) abukaphenywa. Kungenzeka ukuthi amaphunga aphuma ekusithekeni koju asetshenziswa izinambuzane ukuze zixhumane, ikakhulukazi ngesikhathi sokuzalana. Ucwaningo olusha, olushicilelwe ku Imingcele Yesayensi Yezinambuzane, manje selubonise ukuthi amazolo oju akhiqizwa ama- lanternflies amabala abangela ama- molecule amaningi atholakala emoyeni akhanga amanye amalungu alezi zinhlobo zezilwane, futhi cishe adlala indima ebalulekile ekuziphatheni kwezinambuzane.
Izimpukane ezimabala (Lycorma delicatula) akuzona ezomdabu e-US, kodwa zethulwe zingaqondile zivela e-China, lapho zingabomdabu. Umuntu wokuqala waqoshwa ePennsylvania ngoSepthemba 2014. Ngeshwa, lolu hlobo lwezilwane luyahlasela futhi ludla izithelo eziningi, izihlahla zokuhlobisa kanye nezinkuni. Abantu bangasakaza amabanga amade ngosizo lwabantu abahambisa izinto ezitheleleke noma izinto eziqukethe uquqaba lwamaqanda. Kubalulekile ukuthi lesi silokazane silawulwe ngaphambi kokuba sisakazeke kakhulu, noma singenza umonakalo omkhulu ezimbonini zamagilebhisi, insimu yezithelo, kanye nezokugawulwa kwemithi.
“Lolu cwaningo lubalulekile ngoba isinyathelo sokuqala sokulawula noma yiziphi izinambuzane ukuqonda i-biology nokuziphatha kwazo,” kusho UDkt. Miriam Cooperband we-United States Department of Agriculture Animal and Plant Health Inspection Service, Plant Protection and Quarantine Division (USDA APHIS PPQ) e-US “Njengoba sifunda kabanzi mayelana nokuziphatha kwe-lanternfly enamabala, sithemba ukuthola ubungozi esingabusebenzisa. ukuthuthukisa amathuluzi okulawula izinambuzane ukuze kuncishiswe inani labantu kanye nokusabalala.”
Kubonakala sengathi ama-lanternflies amachashaza anokuziphatha okukodwa okungajwayelekile okungase kufakazele ukuba sengozini. Abagcini nje ngokushiya amazolo enyosi emacashazini angaphansi kwezihlahla endaweni abahlala kuyo, kodwa futhi bahlanganisa ubuningi eziqwini zezihlahla ezikhethiwe. Lapho, zikhipha amazolo oju amaningi kangangokuthi isiqu sesihlahla siba mhlophe futhi sibe namagwebu, futhi siqala ukunuka njengesithelo esibilayo. Izimpukane eziningi zibuthana kulezi zindawo futhi zinezele ekuthelelekeni, kuyilapho iziqu zezihlahla ezingomakhelwane zishiywa zingathintwa.
U-Cooperband nabahlanganyeli bakhe bazibuza ukuthi ingabe amazolo oju akhishwa ngalawa manani amakhulu mhlawumbe aqukethe amakhemikhali asetshenziswa kancane kancane, ama-pheromone adlulisela izimpawu kwezinye izimpukane futhi aguqule ukuziphatha kwazo. Ocwaningweni lwangaphambilini abacwaningi balungise amasampula amancane ezimpukane ezimachashaza zesilisa noma zesifazane esiqwini sesihlahla, evalwe ngomkhono wenetha elihle. Ngokushesha la maqembu akhiqiza inqwaba yezimpukane zamahhala eziqwini zesihlahla, okusikisela kubacwaningi ukuthi ama-pheromone ayehileleke ngempela ekudonseleni ama-lanternflies.
Ukuthola ukuthi ingabe i-honeydew iqukethe noma yiziphi izingxenye ezisebenzayo ezingaba nomthelela ekuziphatheni kwe-lanternfly, abacwaningi baqoqa amasampula oju lwezinyosi ngokuhlukana nezimpukane zesilisa nezinsikazi ensimini, ukuze zihlolwe elebhu. Bathola ama-semiochemicals amaningi ekhona, okuhlanganisa ama-ketones amane, ama-ester ayisithupha, notshwala obuthathu, konke obukhona kubo bobabili ubulili kodwa ngezilinganiso ezihlukene. Izinhlanganisela ezimbili zenzeke ngezilinganiso ezingaphezu kwezikhathi ezingu-1.5 ngaphezulu kowesilisa kunoju lwabesifazane, kanti ezinye izinhlanganisela ezinhlanu zatholakala ekugxilweni okuphezulu kwabesifazane kunasemikhiqizweni yabesilisa.
Abacwaningi babe sebephenya ukuthi i-honeydew ibe nomthelela kanjani ekuziphatheni kwe-lanternfly ngokunikeza ama-lanternflies abathunjiwe ukukhetha ukuya ezindaweni ezinezinhlobo ezahlukene zamazolo noma ezingenazo. Imiphumela yabo yabonisa ukuthi izimpukane zesilisa zakhangwa kakhulu uju lwamaduna, kuyilapho kokubili abesilisa nabesifazane babekhangwa kancane uju lwabesifazane. Nakuba kungacaci ukuthi yini engabangela lokhu kuziphatha, lokhu kuhambisana nokubhekwa kwendlela lezi zinambuzane eziziphatha ngayo ensimini.
Ithimba laqhubeka nokuthola ukuthi yiziphi izingxenye ze-honeydew ezikhiqize izimpawu ezinamandla kakhulu. Ama-molecule amahlanu ahlolelwe ukukhangwa futhi atholakala enamaphrofayela athile aheha ucansi. Ama-molecule amabili abizwa ngokuthi i-benzyl acetate kanye ne-2-octanone aheha ubulili bobubili, i-molecule eyodwa ebizwa ngokuthi i-2-heptanone yakhanga abesilisa kuphela, i-molecule eyodwa, i-2-nonanone, yakhanga abesifazane kuphela, kanti i-molecule eyodwa, i-1-nonanol, yaxosha abesifazane kodwa hhayi abesilisa. Zonke ezinhlanu zalezi zinhlanganisela zisebenza njengezingxenye ze-pheromone zezinhlobo zezinambuzane eziningi, okuhlanganisa izinyosi nezimbungulu.
Lokhu okutholakele kuyizinyathelo zokuqala zokuthola ukuqonda okungcono kokuthi, ngokunokwenzeka, singasilawula kanjani lesi sinambuzane esihlaselayo. Ababhali basikisela ukuthi lokho abakutholile kungasiza ekuthuthukiseni izindlela zokulawula izinambuzane ezingezona ezinambuzane, njengokwakhiwa kwezicucu ze-semiochemical zokuthola ukuba khona kwe-lanternfly, noma ukuzisebenzisa njengamathuluzi okubamba inqwaba. Kuneminye imibuzo eminingi okufanele iphendulwe, njengokuthi ingabe kukhona ukuhluka kwesizini kulokhu kuziphatha, nokuthi ingabe kukhona ukusebenzisana namagciwane kumazolo oju akhiqiza amakhemikhali adingekayo.
“Ukuziphatha nokuxhumana kwezimpukane ezimabalabala kuyinkimbinkimbi, futhi lokhu kumane kuyisihloko sentaba yeqhwa. Ngaphezu komsebenzi wethu wokutadisha izimpawu zamakhemikhali, njengalezo ezitholakala kuju lwezinyosi, siyakuthakasela neqhaza lokudlidliza kwe-substrate ohlelweni lwabo lokuxhumana,” kusho uCooperband. "Ucwaningo lwangomuso lungagxila ekuqondeni ukuthi batholana kanjani lapho beqoqana futhi bathola abashade nabo besebenzisa izinhlobo eziningi zezimpawu."
Sihlole I-EarthSnap, uhlelo lokusebenza lwamahhala olulethelwe kuwe ngu-Eric Ralls no-Earth.com.