Ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane nezifo endaweni ebamba ukushisa kuwubuhlungu obukhulu futhi kungaphuma esandleni uma kungabhekwanga kahle.
Ukuqubuka kwezinambuzane nezifo ku-greenhouse ngokuvamile kudinga izici ezintathu eziyinhloko: isitshalo esithintekayo, ukuba khona kwezinambuzane noma isifo, kanye nendawo efanele ukuze sande. Uhlelo olusebenzayo lokulawula izinambuzane ezibamba ukushisa lubhekana nazo zontathu izici ngesikhathi esisodwa.
Izintwala
Ama-aphid izinambuzane ezincane, ezinomzimba othambile, ezimunca ubisi ezizodla ubisi emaqabunga esitshalo sakho. Zizala ngokushesha, azimdingi umngane womshado, futhi zizala ama-aphid, ngakho kubalulekile ukuzilawula ngokushesha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinhlobo zama-aphid, ngakho-ke ungazibona ngemibala ehlukene.
Izintwala ezivame ukubonakala ezindlini zokugcina izithombo zisesigabeni sempilo lapho zikhasa khona (ungandizi), ngakho-ke ngeke uzibone emakhadini akho anamathelayo. Uzozibona emaqabunga ezitshalo, ikakhulukazi ngaphansi kwamaqabunga, kodwa hhayi kuphela. Ungase ubone izikhumba ze-aphid emaqabunga ezitshalo futhi. Ungase futhi ubone izintuthwane. Izintuthwane “ziyolima” ama-aphid ukuze zidle ukudla okukhiqizwa yizintwala. Ngakho-ke, lapho ubona izintuthwane, kungenzeka kube khona izintwala.
Isikhunta Izintwala
Izimbuzane zesikhunta ziyizinambuzane ezincane, ezinamaphiko, ezinemilenze emide ezidla ulwelwe kanye ne-organic matter kumithombo yakho yomhlabathi. Azidali umonakalo omkhulu oqondile ezitshalweni zakho, kodwa zingaba inkathazo ku-greenhouse futhi zingathwala izifo ezitholakala emhlabathini ezingase zithinte izitshalo zakho (njenge-pythium). Uzobona omiyane besikhunta emakhadini akho anamathelayo futhi undiza eduze kwesisekelo sezitshalo zakho noma ezinye izindawo ezimanzi ku-greenhouse. Ungase futhi ubone izibungu ezimhlophe ze-fungus kumithombo yakho yomhlabathi.
Izimpukane ezimhlophe
Izimpukane ezimhlophe zivame kakhulu ezindlini zokugcina izithombo. Ahlobene eduze nama-aphid futhi acishe alingane. Kodwa-ke, zimhlophe futhi zinamaphiko ngakho-ke zizonyakaza lapho uziphazamisa. Zidla ubisi lwezitshalo futhi zingakwazi, njengezinambuzane, ukukhiqiza insalela “yezinyosi” ezigabeni ezithile zomjikelezo wazo wokuphila. Uzozibona emakhadini akho anamathelayo, nasezitshalweni nasezindaweni ezizungezile. Zingabangela ukulimala kwamaqabunga nezithelo, futhi kuphazamise ukukhula kwezitshalo.
Izikrini zezinambuzane zingasiza ukugcina izimpukane zingangeni ku-greenhouse.
Ukugcina i-greenhouse yakho ihlanzekile emfucumfucwini eyeqile, impahla yezitshalo, nokhula kunganciphisa ukusingathwa kwezimpukane ezimhlophe. Ngokufanayo nama-aphid, ngesilinganiso esincane ungasebenzisa ukuqhuma okunamandla kwamanzi ukuze ukhiphe izimpukane ezimhlophe ezitshalweni. Ungakwazi futhi ukufafaza insipho ebulala izinambuzane (njengeNsipho Ephephile) ezitshalweni zakho ukuze ubulale izimpukane ezimhlophe lapho uzithinta. Njengama-aphid, kungasebenza kahle kakhulu ukufafaza insipho ephephile ngemva kokusebenzisa indlela yokufutha ngamanzi. Izicupho ezinamathelayo eziphuzi zisetshenziswa kangcono ukuze zikwazise futhi zihlole izimpukane ezimhlophe, kodwa endaweni encane ebamba ukushisa, zingasiza futhi ukubamba izimpukane ezimhlophe.
Izibungu
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibungu, kodwa ezivame kakhulu esizibona ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo izibungu zesicabucabu. Mancane kakhulu, angaba bomvu, ansundu, noma aluhlaza futhi ngokuvamile angaphansi kwamaqabunga.
Njengoba inani labantu likhula, uzobona ama-webbing angaqondakali kuwo wonke amaqabunga esitshalo.
Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibungu ezidla ezinye ezingakhululwa njengendlela yokuvimbela noma isinyathelo sokuqala. Gada isimo sezulu sakho ukuze uqiniseke ukuthi i-greenhouse yakho ayishisi kakhulu futhi yomile. Izibungu zesicabucabu zingaba inkinga ikakhulukazi endaweni eshisayo, eyomile noma eduze nezimo zezulu ezifudumele ezindlini zokugcina izithombo (njengalapho eduze nomthombo wokushisa). Izitshalo ezifaka umanyolo ngokweqile zingenza izitshalo zingenwe kalula yizibungu zesicabucabu. Insipho Ephephile noma ezinye izinsipho ezibulala izinambuzane zingasetshenziswa ezinhlwini zezicabucabu, ezifana nezintwala noma izimpukane ezimhlophe.
Isikhunta se-Powdery
I-Powdering mildew izobonakala njenge-spore efiphele, emhlophe esikhunta emaqabunga esitshalo. Ingathinta noma yiziphi izitshalo, kodwa izovela kuqala ezitshalweni zamaqabunga abanzi (njengama-cucurbits) ekutshalweni okuhlukahlukene. Izinhlamvu zesikhunta ze-PM zizoba khona cishe kunoma iyiphi i-greenhouse kodwa ngokuvamile zidinga izimo ezinomswakama ukuze zihlanganise amaqabunga ezitshalo.
Ungasebenzisa abalandeli bomjikelezo ukwandisa ukugeleza komoya ku-canopy yesitshalo sakho. Khipha amaqabunga esitshalo esidala ngokweqile, esitshalweni esiminyene ukuze ukhuphule ukugeleza komoya ku-canopy yesitshalo sakho. Nciphisa umswakama ku-greenhouse yakho ngokukhuphula umoya omncane (uma kufaneleka ngezikhathi ezithile zonyaka). Faka imali kumshini wokukhipha umswakama, noma ukhuphule izinga lokushisa lasebusuku ngokufudumeza okungeziwe.
Phakamisa i-pH yamaqabunga esitshalo sakho ukuze uwenze indawo engenamoya wokungenisa izihambi ukuze izilonda ze-PM zande. Isibonelo, ungasebenzisa i-potassium bicarbonate (i-baking soda esikalini esincane, izibasi zesulfure, noma isifutho esisekelwe ku-potassium bicarbonate esithengiswa njenge-MilStop) njengesifutho samaqabunga kokubili ngendlela yokuvimbela kanye nokuphendula i-PM ekhona.
Ama-Thrips
Amathrips amancane kakhulu, izinambuzane ezinamaphiko okunzima ukuzibona ngaphandle kwelensi yesandla noma ingilazi yokukhulisa. Kunezinhlobo eziningi ze-thrips, kodwa ezivame kakhulu yi-west flower thrips. Ungabona umonakalo eziwudalayo ukutshala amaqabunga njengamaphethini esiliva anephethini (okungamaseli ezitshalo ezifile) aqukethe amachashaza amancane amnyama (okungama-thrips frass). Ngokuyinhloko bakhuhla futhi bamunce i-chlorophyll emaqabunga esitshalo, elimaza amaqabunga futhi inciphise amandla esitshalo okwenza i-photosynthesize.
Ungase futhi ubone ukukhula kwezitshalo ezikhubazekile kanye nokuguqulwa kwembali.
Amakhadi anamathelayo aphuzi noma aluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka angakusiza ukuthi ugade inani lama-thrips, njengoba kufanele ukwazi ukubona ama-thrip amadala evaleleke. Futhi, qaphela ngokucophelela ukulimala kwama-thrips emaqabunga ezitshalo. Abanye abalimi bakhetha ukutshala isitshalo esincane esiqhakaza (njenge-petunias) esiheha ama-thrips ngokwemvelo. Ukuba nalezi zikhangisi zezimbali kukuvumela ukuthi uqaphe futhi uxazulule inani lama-thrips ezindaweni zokugcina izithombo zakho.
Ukuphathwa:
Isibalo samathrips esizinzile kunzima kakhulu ukusilawula.
Ukuvimbela ngokuhlolwa kuyindlela ephumelela kakhulu. Izikrini zezinambuzane (ezilinganiselwe kuma-thrips ezimbali zasentshonalanga) zingasetshenziswa kukho konke okufakwayo kwe-greenhouse. Qiniseka ukuthi ufaka futhi usayizi izikrini zezinambuzane zakho ngendlela efanele ukuze unganciphisi ukugeleza komoya endaweni ebamba ukushisa.
Uma sezifakiwe, hlanza izikrini zakho ngesizini futhi uqaphe noma yiziphi iziklebhu noma izinyembezi ukuze zilungiswe ngokushesha. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezibungu ezidla ezinye ezizobulala ama-thrip ezigabeni ezihlukahlukene emjikelezweni wawo wokuphila. I-nematodes ewusizo ingasetshenziswa futhi. Kodwa lezi zombili kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuvimbela futhi ngokuphindaphindiwe ukuze zibe nomthelela.
Ukulawulwa kwezinambuzane ezibamba ukushisa kuyinkinga, kodwa kuwubunzima abanikazi abaningi be-greenhouse ngesikhathi esithile okwakudingeka babhekane nakho. Uma sekushiwo, sithemba ukuthi le bhulogi ikunikeze ulwazi oluwusizo lokuxazulula izinkinga zakho ezithile zezinambuzane. Khumbula, kungakhathaliseki ukuthi ingakanani i-greenhouse yakho kanye/noma isicelo, ukuvimbela izinambuzane kuhlala kungcono kunokulawula izinambuzane ukuze uqinisekise ukukhula okuphumelelayo ku-greenhouse yakho. E-Ceres, siklama izindawo zethu zokugcina izithombo ukuthi zivikeleke kalula kusukela lapho uya khona ukuze ugxile kulokho okubaluleke kakhulu kuwe, izitshalo zakho. Futhi sinikeza ukubonisana okukude noma komuntu siqu nganoma yiziphi izinkinga ezihlobene nezinambuzane ongase ube nazo.
Ukuze uthole ukwaziswa okwengeziwe:
Ceres Greenhouse Solutions
www.ceresgs.com
